顾客在 2026 年 9 月 18 日于伦敦摄政街苹果门店选购，苹果新款 iPhone 18 及相关产品当天正式开售。| Dan Kitwood/Getty Images布鲁塞尔 —— 美国重申警告称，除非布鲁塞尔放宽对《数字市场法案》的执法力度，否则不会降低对欧盟钢铁产品及一系列其他商品的关税。《数字市场法案》是欧盟针对大型科技公司的监管规则。
Customers browse as Apple's new iPhone 18 and related products go on sale at their Regent Street store on September 18, 2026 in London. | Dan Kitwood/Getty Images BRUSSELS — The United States has renewed a warning that it will not lower tariffs on EU steel products and a range of other goods unless Brussels softens its enforcement of the Digital Markets Act, the bloc’s rulebook for Big Tech.
两名知情人士向《政治报》（POLITICO）透露，欧盟委员会上周在一次会议上将特朗普政府的这一信息传达给了欧盟各成员国首都。因讨论非公开会谈内容，两人获准匿名。
The European Commission relayed the message from the Trump administration to EU capitals at a meeting last week, two people with knowledge of the matter told POLITICO. They were granted anonymity to discuss the closed-door conversation.
这一警告有可能在 11 月 3 日美国中期选举前重燃跨大西洋贸易紧张局势，此前因欧盟落实去年在苏格兰特恩贝里（Turnberry）高尔夫度假村达成的贸易协议，双方关系曾经历一段平静期。
The warning risks reigniting transatlantic trade tensions ahead of U.S. midterm elections on Nov. 3, after a spell of calm following the EU’s implementation of the trade agreement struck at President Donald Trump’s golf resort in Turnberry, Scotland, last year.
根据落实该贸易协定的欧盟法规，欧盟委员会必须在年底前向欧洲议会和欧盟各国政府报告，华盛顿是否履行了在钢铁关税方面的承诺。
Under the EU regulation enacting the trade deal, the Commission must report to the European Parliament and EU governments before the end of the year on whether Washington is keeping its side of the bargain on steel tariffs.
欧洲议会议员坚持要求增加这一保障条款，因为美国对钢铁和铝的关税仍高达 50% —— 远超特恩贝里协议商定的欧盟商品关税 15% 的总体上限。布鲁塞尔还要求将包括意大利面、奶酪、葡萄酒和烈酒在内的一系列商品豁免美国关税。
European lawmakers insisted on the additional safeguard because U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum still go up to 50% — above a general ceiling of 15% for tariffs on EU goods agreed at Turnberry. Brussels has also asked for a range of goods, including pasta, cheese, wines and spirits, to be exempted from U.S. duties.
如果欧盟委员会认定美国未履行承诺，将有权 —— 但非必须 —— 取消欧盟根据特恩贝里协议给予的优惠，即将对美工业品关税降至零。尽管欧洲议会议员施压，但欧盟委员会和欧盟各国政府鲜有意愿这么做，生怕再次引发贸易战。这并非华盛顿首次试图将钢铁关税减免与欧盟的数字规则挂钩。
If the Commission concludes that the U.S. is not complying, it would be empowered — but not obliged — to remove the preferences that the EU granted under Turnberry in cutting tariffs on U.S. industrial goods to zero. Despite pressure from MEPs, there is little appetite in the Commission or EU governments to do so, for fear of reigniting a trade war. It’s not the first time Washington has tried to tie steel relief to the EU’s digital rules.
2025年11月，美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克在访问布鲁塞尔期间提出，如果欧盟放宽其数字规则，美方愿解决欧盟在钢铁和铝方面的担忧。当时负责《数字市场法案》的欧盟竞争事务专员特雷莎·里贝拉谴责该提议是“勒索”，并表示这些规则不容谈判。
During a November 2025 visit to Brussels, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick offered to address the EU’s steel and aluminum concerns if the bloc softened its digital rules. Competition chief Teresa Ribera, who oversees the DMA, denounced that offer at the time as “blackmail” and said the rules were not up for negotiation.
《数字市场法案》对被指定为“守门人”的超大型科技公司（其中大多数为美国公司）施加义务。自2025年4月以来，布鲁塞尔已依据该法对苹果、Meta和谷歌合计处以15.9亿欧元罚款，最近一次是7月对谷歌处以8.9亿欧元罚款。欧盟委员会拒绝置评。
The DMA imposes obligations on very large tech companies — most of them American — that it has designated as gatekeepers. Brussels has fined Apple, Meta and Google a combined €1.59 billion under the law since April 2025, most recently €890 million for Google in July. The European Commission declined to comment.
美国驻欧盟代表团未回应置评请求，但大使安德鲁·普兹德最近质疑欧盟实施《数字市场法案》的动机。
The U.S. Mission to the EU did not respond to a request for comment, but Ambassador Andrew Puzder recently questioned the EU’s motives in implementing the DMA.
“你不禁要问，我们是在应对数字市场的竞争，还是试图从美国公司获取收入以造福欧洲？”他对《金融时报》表示。弗朗西斯卡·米凯莱蒂参与了报道。
“You start to wonder, are we trying to deal with the competition in the digital marketplace or are we trying to generate revenue from American companies to benefit Europe?” he told the Financial Times. Francesca Micheletti contributed reporting.
本文发表于10月22日，已更正以明确《数字市场法案》是一项欧盟法规。
This article published on Oct. 22 has been corrected to make clear that the Digital Markets Act is an EU regulation.