Author J.K. Rowling reaffirmed her stance on sex and gender issues Wednesday, writing in a new essay that she would not back down from her advocacy despite facing what she described as a relentless "avalanche of death, rape and torture threats." The British author, best known for writing the "Harry Potter" series, published the piece six years after her June 2020 essay sparked widespread debate over transgender rights and women's single-sex spaces.

Rowling wrote that her views "haven’t changed" since 2020, but that "the landscape certainly has, and my own involvement in the issue has become practical as well as theoretical, so I thought it was time for an update." Her original essay drew criticism from LGBTQ+ advocacy organizations and transgender rights activists, along with calls to boycott her work.

In the new essay, Rowling defended her opposition to policies allowing transgender women into certain female-only spaces, arguing that they undermine protections for women. She also characterized modern transgender activism as "elitist to its core." "It’s true, of course, that trans activism doesn’t impact all women negatively. In fact, the more privileged you are, the less it tends to affect you, and the more it might benefit you. Aside from an avalanche of death, rape and torture threats, it hasn’t noticeably affected my life," Rowling wrote.

Rowling has rejected accusations that her views are "anti-trans," maintaining that her advocacy centers on women's safety and privacy.

"Should trans people be discriminated against when it comes to housing or employment? Of course not," Rowling wrote. "Should trans people be stripped of their human rights, or denied personal safety? Again: of course not." Earlier this month, transgender rights activists protested a gala performance of "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child" in London. A demonstrator wore a T-shirt reading, "Rowling money kills," and security personnel eventually removed the protesters from the red carpet.

In response to Rowling’s earlier 2020 comments on sex and gender, LGBTQ+ advocacy group GLAAD criticized the author, writing on social media that "JK Rowling continues to align herself with an ideology which willfully distorts facts about gender identity and people who are trans. In 2020, there is no excuse for targeting trans people." Actor Daniel Radcliffe, who starred as Harry Potter in the film adaptations, also publicly criticized Rowling's comments in 2020, issuing a statement through The Trevor Project.

"Transgender women are women," Radcliffe wrote. "Any statement to the contrary erases the identity and dignity of transgender people and goes against all advice given by professional health care associations who have far more expertise on this subject matter than either Jo or I." ROYAL FAMILY FACES BACKLASH FROM CRITICS AFTER QUEEN CAMILLA HOSTS JK ROWLING May Mailman, director of the Independent Women's Law Center, told Fox News Digital that she agrees with Rowling's criticism of wealthy supporters of transgender activism, arguing that working-class women are more likely to be affected by policies governing single-sex spaces.

"For people in the United States who have real problems to deal with, they need to figure out how they're [going to] put food on the table," Mailman said. "They're not worried about pronouns. They're worried about improving their families and improving themselves. And so, there is this elitism that's like when you run out of problems, you start inventing them." Rowling has also supported the campaign group For Women Scotland, which challenged the interpretation of "woman" under the U.K.'s Equality Act 2010. On April 16, 2025, the U.K. Supreme Court ruled that the terms "woman" and "sex" refer to biological sex for the purposes of the law. The court also affirmed that transgender people remain protected against discrimination under the law's gender reassignment provisions.

Mailman welcomed the British court decision but warned that she believes free speech in the country is increasingly under threat.

"I think the status of free speech in Great Britain is much more under attack than it is in the U.S.," Mailman said, adding, "I think we should treat it as a warning sign, because I think people look to Britain as where the United States could and often does head." Jeremiah Igunnubole, U.K. legal counsel for Alliance Defending Freedom International, a Christian legal advocacy group, also welcomed Rowling’s essay in a statement to Fox News Digital.

"We welcome JK Rowling doubling down on her determination to challenge gender ideology and defend the importance of biological reality. Truth matters, and we should not be afraid to uphold it simply because doing so is controversial," Igunnubole said.

He added that Alliance Defending Freedom International would "continue to defend these principles and the protections that flow from them robustly, including through litigation in the UK where necessary." A representative for Rowling declined to provide additional comment to Fox News Digital.