美国财政部周四着手落实国会今夏通过的一项两党住房法案的原则，其中包括禁止机构投资者购买独栋住宅。
The Treasury Department on Thursday moved to implement tenets of a bipartisan housing law Congress passed over the summer, including a ban on institutional investors buying single-family homes.
根据财政部即将出台的法规，大型机构投资者自2027年1月7日起不得购买独栋住宅，但有特定豁免情况。
Under impending regulations from the department, a large institutional investor cannot buy a single-family home starting on Jan. 7, 2027, with certain exceptions.
财政部正在依据《21世纪通往住房法案》将该禁令编入法规。这项里程碑式的住房法案于7月在参众两院以压倒性多数通过。
The Treasury is codifying the ban under the 21st Century Road to Housing Act, a landmark housing law both chambers passed with overwhelming majorities in July.
进步派参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦（民主党-马萨诸塞州）和众议员弗伦奇·希尔（共和党-阿肯色州）等人大力推动了该立法，旨在减少住房建设的联邦审批流程，增加国家住房供应。
The likes of progressive Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and Rep. French Hill (R-Ark.) championed the legislation, which is intended to reduce federal review processes for housing construction and boost the nation’s supply of units.
不过，特朗普总统并未签署该法案使其成为法律——他在抗议参议院共和党人未能通过选民身份证立法，这是他的首要任务之一。该住房法案于7月在总统未签署的情况下生效。
President Trump, though, did not sign the measure into law — as he protested Senate Republicans’ inability to pass voter ID legislation, one of his top priorities. The housing law took effect in July, without the president’s signature.
特朗普今年早些时候签署了一项行政命令，指示其政府严厉打击机构投资者购买独栋住宅的行为。
Trump earlier this year signed an executive order directing his administration to crack down on institutional investors purchasing single-family homes.
新住房法将“大型”机构投资者定义为直接或间接拥有至少350套住宅投资控制权的实体。该法豁免多种类型的购买行为，包括建租计划、翻新租赁计划以及促进住房自有权计划下的购买。
The new housing law defines a “large” institutional investor as an entity that has direct or indirect investment control over at least 350 homes. It exempts multiple types of purchases from the ban, including those made under build-to-rent programs, renovate-to-rent programs and programs to boost homeownership.
财政部长斯科特·贝森特在周四的一份声明中表示，政府“继续为数百万年轻和工薪家庭恢复通往负担得起的住房所有权的道路。”
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in a Thursday release the administration “continues to restore the path to affordable homeownership for millions of young and working families.”
贝森特补充说：“财政部正在努力确保美国家庭和工人有公平的机会在其社区购买住房，方法是增加住房供应并限制大型机构投资者在市场中的作用，同时支持一个强劲、稳定的住房市场，避免不必要的动荡。”财政部在中期选举前不到两周公布了这些规定，当时共和党正在努力保持对国会的控制权，面对的是美国人日益增长的经济不满。
Bessent added, “Treasury is working to ensure American families and workers have a fair shot at purchasing homes in their communities by increasing housing supply and limiting large institutional investors’ role in the market, while supporting a strong, stable housing market and avoiding unnecessary disruption.”The Treasury unveiled the regulations less than two weeks before the midterm elections, as Republicans fight to keep control of Congress in the face of Americans’ growing economic frustrations.
不过，住房专家表示，华尔街投资者拥有的住房不足以显著扭曲房价。
Housing experts say, though, that Wall Street investors do not own enough homes to significantly skew housing prices.
“根据用于将投资者分类为机构投资者还是中型投资者的门槛不同，拥有的住房总数大约在50万到80万套之间，”住房数据公司Zonda的经济研究副总裁肖恩·弗格斯1月告诉《国会山报》。“即使按该范围的高端估计，也仅占总住房单元的0.5%，仍低于全国约1亿套独栋住宅的1.0%。”在高抵押贷款利率的背景下，住房销售放缓。根据全美房地产经纪人协会的数据，待售合同签署量从8月到9月下降了7.3%，联邦住房贷款抵押公司（房利美）周四报告称，本周30年期固定抵押贷款平均利率为7.32%。
“Depending on the threshold used to classify an investor as institutional vs. a mid-sized investor, the total homes owned ranges from approximately 500,000 to 800,000,” Sean Fergus, the vice president of economic research at Zonda, told The Hill in January. “Even assuming the high-end of that range, it’s only 0.5% of total units and still under 1.0% of the roughly 100 million single-family homes in the country.”Housing sales have slowed amid high mortgage rates. Pending home sales decreased by 7.3 percent from August to September, according to the National Association of Realtors, and Freddie Mac reported Thursday that the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate this week was 7.32 percent.
同样在周四，特朗普签署了一项旨在降低政府担保抵押贷款还款额的行政命令。
Also on Thursday, Trump signed an executive order aimed at lowering government-backed mortgage payments.