
“你拥有这种超能力。” 这是 Qiana Johnson 在一份据报用于培训居民从事“陪审团无效化”的材料中的表述,即陪审员无视法律和某案件的确凿罪证,从而使起诉落空。值得注意的是,Johnson 是新当选的马里兰州华盛顿郊区 Prince George’s County 巡回法院书记官。她是一个正在赢得选民支持、日益壮大的左翼运动的一部分,该运动主张对美国法律体系进行激进变革。
“You have this superpower." That statement from Qiana Johnson is part of reported training material for residents to engage in "jury nullification," whereby jurors ignore the law and incriminating facts in a given case to nullify any prosecution. Notably, Johnson is the newly elected clerk of Prince George’s County Circuit Court in the Maryland suburbs of Washington. She is part of a growing left-wing movement gaining traction with voters that calls for radical changes to the U.S. legal system.
其目的是在真实陪审团中制造“十二怒汉”式场景 —— 但与电影不同的是,陪审员实际上正在接受培训,无视证据和审议,转而追求政治结果。在竞选现任职位期间,Johnson 不得不回应关于她本人犯罪记录的质疑。但许多选民愿意在对方展现出悔过自新的证据时给予第二次机会。更迫切的担忧可能在于接受一种法院明令禁止的做法。
The effort is to engineer "Twelve Angry Men" scenarios on real juries — but unlike in the movie, the jurors are actually being trained to ignore evidence and deliberations in favor of political outcomes. In her election campaign for her current job, Johnson had to overcome questions about her own criminal record. But many voters are willing to give others a second chance when they show evidence of rehabilitation and contrition. The more immediate concern might be embracing a practice that is expressly barred by courts.
Johnson 成为众议院监督和政府改革委员会一项新调查的对象,该调查针对培训公民从事陪审团无效化的团体 —— 包括 Free DC 和 Harriet's Wildest Dreams,据报 Johnson 曾是后者的董事会成员。一份此类文件据称宣称:“你拥有这种超能力,这种超能力就是你能够让那个该死的陪审团无效化。” 极左派教授长期主张陪审团运用陪审团无效化。
Johnson is part of a new investigation by the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee into groups training citizens to engage in jury nullification — including Free DC and Harriet's Wildest Dreams, where Johnson was reportedly a board member. One such document allegedly declares, "You have this superpower, and that superpower is you are able to nullify that goddamn jury.”Far-left professors have long advocated that juries use jury nullification.
乔治城法学院教授、MSNBC 法律分析师 Paul Butler 长期主张黑人陪审员在涉及黑人被告的案件中实施无效化。Butler 2016 年在《华盛顿邮报》撰文称:“面对刑事司法中的种族危机,陪审团无效化赋予陪审员一项特殊权力,传递黑人的命也是命这一信息。” 有偏见的陪审员问题长期困扰法律体系。它可以双向起作用,即无视法律以拒绝定罪或确保定罪。
Georgetown Law professor and MSNBC legal analyst Paul Butler has long advocated that Black jurors engage in nullification in cases involving Black defendants. Butler wrote in the Washington Post in 2016: “Confronting the racial crisis in criminal justice, jury nullification gives jurors a special power to send the message that Black lives matter.”The problem of biased jurors has long plagued the legal system. It can work both ways in ignoring the law to refuse or secure convictions.
过去涉及特朗普总统和其他共和党人的案件,曾引发人们对华盛顿特区、纽约市等城市陪审员库存在偏见的担忧。但陪审团无效化截然不同;它是对美国法院体系根基的直接冲击。陪审员是该体系跳动的心脏——一群被赋予权力的公民,他们宣誓不带偏见或预断地审议案件。主张陪审团无效化并非犯罪。此外,针对这类团体的调查引发了合理担忧,即可能对言论自由和结社自由权利产生寒蝉效应。
Past cases involving President Trump and other Republicans have raised bias concerns over the jury pool in cities such as Washington, D.C., and New York City. But jury nullification is different; it is a direct assault on the very foundation of the American court system. The juror is the thumping heart of that system — a group of empowered citizens who swear to consider cases without prejudice or prejudgment. It is not a crime to advocate jury nullification. Moreover, there are legitimate concerns raised by investigations into such groups. about chilling the rights of free speech and association.
依我之见,这种主张属于《第一修正案》保护的言论。但对律师而言,情况并非总是如此,他们可能面临职业后果。许多法院禁止律师为陪审团无效化辩护。在具体案件中,呼吁陪审团无效化也可能构成律师可被制裁的行为。即使这是受保护的言论,两党人士都需要谴责这些做法。这实际上是在鼓励陪审员在宣誓遵守法律、摒弃外部偏见或预断时撒谎。
In my view, such advocacy is protected speech under the First Amendment. But that is not always the case for lawyers, who can face professional consequences. Many courts bar lawyers from arguing for jury nullification. Calling for jury nullification can also present sanctionable conduct for lawyers in a given case. Even if this is protected speech, voices in both parties need to denounce these efforts. It effectively encourages jurors to lie when they take their oath to follow the law and to shed any outside bias or prejudgment.
这是试图招募陪审员利用案件达到政治和社会目的,代价是牺牲法治。支持这些运动的教授和评论员正积极寻求对法院的敌意接管,却未向这些公民解释这种不诚实行为的后果。确实,科默详细阐述了“自由训练者”等团体据称如何寻求招募潜在陪审员,而根据委员会披露,他们指示受训者不要“透露议程”。这些团体没有正视将陪审员政治化的影响,反而将无效化描绘为“确保公平正义的有力工具”。
It is an effort to enlist jurors in using cases to achieve political and social goals at the expense of the rule of law. The professors and pundits supporting these campaigns are actively seeking a hostile takeover of the courts without explaining to these citizens the implications of such dishonesty. Indeed, Comer has detailed how groups like Freedom Trainers are allegedly seeking to enlist potential jurors while, according to the committee, instructing trainees not to “signal the agenda.”Instead of addressing the impact of politicizing our jurors, these groups are portraying nullification as "a powerful tool for ensuring fairness and justice.”
这些做法出现之际,正值司法系统遭受来自左派的全面攻击。主要民主党人呼吁扩充最高法院大法官席位,以推翻他们不同意的判决。
These efforts are coming at a time of full assault on our judicial system from the left. Leading Democrats are calling for the packing of the Supreme Court, to reverse decisions with which they disagree.
每一位角逐2028年民主党总统提名的主要候选人,如今都已将法院推向了咆哮的暴民面前。前民主党总统候选人希拉里·克林顿只是最近一例,她宣称:“我们应当认真考虑在民主党掌权期间扩充法院。”从审判陪审团到最高法院,左派许多人现在寻求控制那些长期作为共和国基石的机构。如果得逞,司法将沦为政治的单纯延伸。
Every leading Democratic candidate for the 2028 presidential nomination has now thrown the court to the baying mob. Former Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton is only the most recent, declaring, "We should seriously look at expanding the court while the Democrats are in power." From the trial jury to the Supreme Court, many on the left now seek to take control of institutions that have long been the rock of this Republic. If successful, justice will become merely an extension of politics.
令人不安的是,已不再有任何原则的伪装。法学教授要求将扩充法院的承诺作为对政客的试金石,参议员呼吁立即在法院形成自由派多数,以执行“人民的意志”。自由派教授长期要求进行革命性变革,以“从宪政主义手中夺回美国”。对美国陪审团制度的攻击,或许是这些努力中最阴险的一个。我们的法律制度赋予普通公民伸张正义的权力。
What is so disconcerting is that there is no longer any pretense of principle. Law professors are demanding that pledges to pack the Court be used as litmus tests for politicians, and senators are calling for an instant liberal majority on the Court to carry out the "will of the people." Liberal professors have long demanded revolutionary change to "reclaim America from constitutionalism." The attack on the American jury may be the most insidious of these efforts. Our legal system invests average citizens with the power to do justice.
每个社区都在维护盲目正义的原则中发挥作用。正如扩充法院一样,陪审团无视法裁断过去是一种令人憎恶的做法,如今却被描绘成崇高的事业。这是在驯化选民,使其接受对我们宪法体系的根本性变革,以推进一个有害国家的激进议程。陪审员的角色确实是一种“超能力”,但不是这些教授和评论员所鼓吹的那种。它是对抗偏见和党派之争的力量;它是在一个致力于法治的国家里,伸张简单正义的力量。
Every community plays a role in upholding the principles of blind justice. As with court-packing, jury nullification is a previously odious practice now being portrayed as a noble cause. It is part of the conditioning of voters to accept foundational changes to our constitutional system, to further a radical agenda harmful to the nation. The juror's role was indeed a "superpower," but not the one these professors and pundits are pushing. It was a power against prejudice and partisanship; it was the power of doing simple justice in a nation committed to the rule of law.
乔纳森·特利是法学教授、《纽约时报》畅销书作家,著有《愤怒与共和国:美国革命的未竟故事》。
Jonathan Turley is a law professor and the New York Times best-selling author of “Rage and the Republic: The Unfinished Story of the American Revolution.”