布伦达·西蒙斯很高兴在夏洛特敦的约瑟夫·A·吉兹纪念公园新落成的纪念碑上看到儿子的名字位于首位。但她宁愿付出一切代价，让那里没有他的名字。
Brenda Simmons is happy to see her son’s name at the top of a new monument in Charlottetown’s Joseph A. Ghiz Memorial Park. But she would still give anything for it not to be there.
由反酒驾母亲组织（MADD）爱德华王子岛分会建立的这座铁质雕塑呈岛屿形状，并断裂成三块。
The iron sculpture erected by the P.E.I. chapter of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) is in the shape of the island, broken into three pieces.
西蒙斯告诉节目主持人布莱恩·戈德曼医生：“它是为了纪念酒驾如何击碎社区、家庭和生命。”
“It’s to commemorate the way impaired driving breaks up communities, families and lives,” Simmons told Dr. Brian Goldman, host of .
2020年6月12日，27岁的雅各布·西蒙斯在家庭农场附近的一条乡间公路上骑行时，被一名酒驾司机撞击身亡。该司机事后承认，事发当天他在家中喝了13杯酒后才开车上路。
On June 12, 2020, 27-year-old Jacob Simmons was riding a bike on a country road near the family farm when he was struck and killed by an impaired driver who later admitted to having 13 drinks at home that day before getting behind the wheel.
六年后，即今年6月，爱德华王子岛发布了一项全面的酒精战略，旨在防止像雅各布那样的悲剧性后果，以及酗酒导致的更常见后果，如癌症、心脏病和心血管疾病。该省表示，相关建议将在未来几个月和几年内生效。
Six years later, in June of this year, P.E.I. released a sweeping alcohol strategy aimed at preventing tragic outcomes like Jacob’s – as well as the more everyday outcomes of heavy drinking, like cancer, heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. The province says the recommendations will come into effect in the months and years to come.
尽管爱德华王子岛的总体饮酒率与加拿大平均水平持平，但该战略的倡导者指出，岛上存在一种将酗酒常态化的文化。
Though P.E.I.’s overall drinking rates are on par with Canadian averages, advocates for the strategy point to a culture on the island where heavy drinking is normalized.
一项数据让布伦达·西蒙斯感同身受：爱德华王子岛的酒驾率几乎是全国平均水平的三倍。对她而言，该省以农村为主、缺乏公共交通或优步（Uber）等叫车服务，不足以解释其高发原因。
One statistic that hits close to home for Brenda Simmons is that P.E.I.’s impaired driving rates are nearly three times the national average. For her, the fact that the province is mostly rural, without public transit or Uber, is not enough to explain its prevalence.
她说：“我敢说，你找不到岛上任何一个人不能说出……是的，这事发生在我能叫得出名字的某个人身上。”
“I would challenge you to find someone on this island who [cannot] say… yes, this happened to someone that I can name personally,” she said.
爱德华王子岛首席公共卫生官希瑟·莫里森医生表示，酒精在该省“无处不在”。
The strategy Dr. Heather Morrison, P.E.I.’s chief public health officer, says alcohol is “very present” in the province.
“酒精深深融入了我们的社会文化、社区文化。”她说，自己致力于改变爱德华王子岛饮酒文化的工作由来已久。中学时，一位好友被一名酒驾司机撞死，随后莫里森加入了大西洋加拿大地区首个“学生反酒驾组织”分会。“记忆中我一直都在思考酒精带来的危害，”她说。
“Alcohol is very mixed in with our social culture, our community culture.”Her work on changing P.E.I.’s drinking culture goes way back, she says. After a good friend was killed by a drunk driver in middle school, Morrison got involved with the first chapter of Students Against Drunk Driving in Atlantic Canada. “I can't remember not really thinking about the harms associated with alcohol,” she said.
莫里森主导制定这项酒精策略，历经五年规划与磋商，征询了1000多名岛民的意见。她还与负责酒精定价销售、公众宣传、公共安全及酒驾执法的其他政府部门合作。
Morrison shepherded this alcohol strategy through five years of planning and consultation with more than 1,000 Islanders. She also worked with other government departments responsible for the pricing and sale of alcohol, public awareness, public safety and impaired-driving enforcement.
莫里森表示，该策略包含16项建议，旨在从各个角度切入解决问题。其中包括在就医时筛查高风险饮酒行为，以及针对减少青少年饮酒、监测胎儿酒精综合征患者等情况的专项计划。
The strategy consists of 16 recommendations geared to approaching the problem from all angles, says Morrison. These include things like screening for high-risk drinking during medical appointments as well as targeted programs for things like reducing alcohol consumption among youth and monitoring those with fetal alcohol syndrome.
建议还包括审查购酒的便利程度，这可能涉及减少门店数量或调整营业时间。目前，80%的岛民居住地距离爱德华王子岛酒类管制委员会门店车程在10分钟以内。
They also include a review of just how easy it is to buy alcohol, which could include reducing the number of stores or adjusting their operating hours. Currently 80 per cent of Islanders live within 10 minutes of a P.E.I. Liquor Control Commission outlet.
莫里森寄望该策略聚焦“减少饮酒”而非“彻底戒酒”，将成为其奏效的关键。
Morrison is hopeful the strategy’s focus on reducing consumption — rather than quitting altogether — will be key to its success.
“我们试图始终强调，大量饮酒伴随危害，”她指着一块“少喝最好”广告牌说，上面鼓励岛民：无论减少多少饮酒量，都是朝正确方向迈出的一步。
“We’ve tried to keep that emphasis around, there are harms associated with higher levels of drinking,” she said, pointing to a “Less Is Best” billboard encouraging Islanders that reducing their drinking by any amount is a step in the right direction.
数千次住院就医 特雷弗·贾恩医生表示，他在夏洛特敦伊丽莎白女王医院急诊科的每个班次都能见到高风险饮酒的后果。
Thousands of hospital visits Dr. Trevor Jain says he sees the impacts of high-risk drinking every shift in the emergency department at Charlottetown’s Queen Elizabeth Hospital.
事实上，研究显示，高风险饮酒每年导致爱德华王子岛发生7000次急诊就医和住院治疗。
In fact, research shows it contributes to 7,000 emergency department visits and hospitalizations on P.E.I. annually.
“提到酒精，你想到的是灾难性的机动车碰撞事故，而我们也确实接诊了不少此类病例，”贾因说。
“When you think of alcohol, you think of catastrophic motor vehicle collisions, and we see our fair share of those,” said Jain.
但他表示，酒精造成的沉重代价还以各种其他方式呈现出来。本月初到医院探望时，贾因说他正准备去看一位需要帮助缓解症状的酒精戒断患者。贾因所称的爱德华王子岛“酗酒文化”还有一个更隐蔽的一面。
But he says the heavy toll of alcohol presents itself in all kinds of other ways, too. When paid a visit to the hospital earlier this month, Jain said he was about to go see a patient in alcohol withdrawal who needed help with symptoms. What Jain calls the "culture of alcohol abuse" on P.E.I. has a more insidious side, too.
“这就像一张蜘蛛网，对吧？它不仅影响个人，还影响周围的许多人。所以虽然酒精成瘾是一种疾病，但它是一种具有传染性的疾病。”贾因说他认为新的酒精策略采取了极好的方法。
“It's like a spider web, right? It just doesn't affect the individual; it affects so many people around them. So although alcohol is a disease, it's a disease that's a contagion.”Jain says he thinks the new alcohol strategy takes an excellent approach.
“公共卫生部门抓住牛角……将会帮助很多人，”他说。“这属于那种预防医学的范畴，我认为这对我们当地社区将极有帮助。”其他省份的榜样亚当·舍克是2023年发布的《加拿大酒精与健康指南》的合著者，他说其他省份应该注意到爱德华王子岛建议的广度。
“Public health grabbing this by the horns… is going to help a lot of people,” he said. “It falls within that preventative medicine kind of matrix, and I think it will be extremely helpful to our local community.”A model for other provinces Adam Sherk, who co-authored Canada’s Guidance on Alcohol and Health, released in 2023, said other provinces should take note of the breadth of P.E.I.’s recommendations.
这些加拿大人在“戒酒”成为潮流很久之前就已滴酒不沾 观看 | 新酒精指南表明不存在安全饮用量加拿大物质使用与成瘾中心（CCSA）高级科学家舍克还指出，爱德华王子岛的策略比不列颠哥伦比亚省或萨斯喀彻温省等一些其他省份的报告或计划更具可操作性，他称后者“稍微软一些，指导性不那么强”。一些省份尚未发布任何减少酒精危害的策略。
These Canadians passed on alcohol long before going 'dry' became trendy WATCH | New alcohol guidelines suggest there’s no safe amount Sherk, senior scientist for the Canadian Centre for Substance Use and Addiction (CCSA), also noted that P.E.I.’s strategy is more actionable than reports or plans from some other provinces, like B.C. or Saskatchewan, which he called “a little softer and not as directive.”Some provinces have not released any strategy on reducing alcohol harms.
舍克说，爱德华王子岛策略中最好的部分之一是建议让酒精度更高的饮料更贵，根据酒精含量定价，而不是根据饮料的总液体体积定价。
Sherk says one of the best parts of P.E.I strategy is the recommendation to make boozier drinks more expensive, basing pricing on alcohol content, rather than the overall liquid volume of the drink.
以目前爱德华王子岛酒类商店货架上两款不同的罐装饮料为例。Lone Oak 伏特加气泡水和 Black Fly 伏特加冰茶均为 473 毫升，售价均为 4.99 加元。但 Black Fly 的酒精含量几乎是前者的两倍，为 7%，而 Lone Oak 为 4%。
Take two different canned beverages currently on P.E.I. liquor store shelves as an example. Lone Oak Vodka Seltzer and Black Fly Vodka Iced Tea are both 473 ml and cost $4.99. But the Black Fly has almost double the alcohol, seven per cent versus four per cent.
Sherk 表示，该酒精策略的建议是让 Black Fly 更贵，从根本上消除“高性价比产品——极其廉价的酒精，将人们引向麻烦”。减少“酒精赤字”Morrison 表示，该策略还旨在解决爱德华王子岛饮酒文化带来的经济损失。
The alcohol strategy’s recommendation is to make the Black Fly more expensive, essentially eliminating “high bang for the buck products — very cheap alcohol that draws people into problems,” said Sherk. Reducing the ‘alcohol deficit’Morrison says the strategy also takes aim at the economic toll of P.E.I.’s drinking culture.
根据加拿大酒精政策评估项目的数据，虽然岛上酒精销售每年带来约 7000 万加元的收入，但直接酒精相关成本估计每年超过 1.31 亿加元。
While alcohol sales on the Island pull in around $70 million per year in revenue, direct alcohol-related costs are estimated at over $131 million per year, according to data from the Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation.
爱德华王子岛的新策略要求将净酒精利润的 3% 直接投入社区、教育和减害工作。
P.E.I.’s new strategy calls for a direct investment of three per cent of net alcohol profits back into community, education and harm-reduction efforts.
Brenda Simmons 表示很高兴看到这一点。她与皇家骑警在路边检查站工作，她和其他“反酒驾母亲”组织成员让酒驾的致命后果有了具象的面孔。
Brenda Simmons says she’s happy to see that. She works at roadside spot checks with the RCMP, where she and other members of MADD put a human face to the deadly consequences of drunk driving.
她回忆起一次值班，陪同他们的三名警官全都因处理酒驾司机而脱不开身——两名司机通过路边筛查被识别，还有一名在到达检查站前逃跑，导致第三名警官不得不追捕。
She recalls one shift where all three officers accompanying them became tied up with impaired drivers — two identified through roadside screening and one who fled before reaching the checkpoint, requiring the third officer to give chase.
Simmons 表示，她非常清楚，要不是警官们在场，她经历的悲剧可能会重演。
Simmons says she’s all too aware the tragedy she experienced might have been repeated had the officers not been there.
“这已超越了‘遗憾’的范畴。‘遗憾’一词远远不足以形容，”她说。
“It's beyond being a shame. Shame doesn't do it justice,” she said.
Morrison 博士表示，正是 Simmons 等人的悲痛与热情，激励她推动爱德华王子岛的酒精策略以具体且可衡量的方式落地实施。
Dr. Morrison says it's the grief and passion of people like Simmons that keeps her motivated to see P.E.I.'s alcohol strategy implemented in specific and measurable ways.
“正是这些让我们能够冲过终点线，并时刻提醒我们为什么必须坚持做这项工作。”
“That's what helps us get across the finish line, and reminds us every day of why we need to keep doing this work.”