
备受关注的针对女性的暴力事件吸引了我们的目光。其中包括一所名校再次爆出轮奸指控;宾夕法尼亚州伊利市发生的一起大规模枪击案造成八人死亡,其中包括一名孕妇及其母亲;前电影大亨哈维·韦恩斯坦因性侵一名制片助理被判刑。
High-profile violence against women captures our attention. That includes allegations of yet another gang rape at a prominent university; a mass shooting in Erie, Pa. that killed eight people, including a pregnant woman and her mother; and the sentencing of former movie mogul Harvey Weinstein for sexually assaulting a production assistant.
这些登上头条的案件之间的共同点远超你的想象。而每天都在发生无数其他案件,它们未登上全国新闻,却就发生在我的社区,也发生在你的社区,即使你不愿正视。
These headline cases have more in common than you think. And every day there are countless other cases that don’t make national news, but they are in my community. And they are in yours, even if you can’t bear to see them.
美国疾病控制与预防中心估计,超过三分之一的女性一生中会经历亲密伴侣实施的暴力或跟踪骚扰。近半数女性经历过性暴力——无论是强奸、性胁迫还是非自愿的性接触。
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that more than one in three women experience violence or stalking from an intimate partner in their lifetime. Nearly half of all women experience sexual violence — whether rape, sexual coercion or unwanted sexual contact.
即使美国谋杀率降至历史低位,家庭暴力致死案件数量基本保持不变。新晋或准妈妈被谋杀的可能性高于死于产科原因。2014年至2023年,女性被亲密伴侣用枪杀害的数量上升了36%,2020年至2023年平均每月有超过70名女性被亲密伴侣枪杀。
Even as murder rates hit historic lows in the U.S., domestic violence homicides remain relatively unchanged. New or expecting mothers are more likely to be murdered than to die from obstetric causes. The number of women murdered by intimate partners with guns rose 36 percent from 2014 to 2023, with an average of more than 70 women per month shot and killed by an intimate partner from 2020 to 2023.
这些谋击案粉碎了家庭和社区。尽管数字令人震惊,但根本无法体现一位母亲今年早些时候在路易斯安那州什里夫波特经历的惨剧。她被分居的丈夫开枪击中,子弹卡在脸部,她侥幸存活,孩子却遇害了。
These homicides shatter families and communities. And, while the numbers are staggering, they cannot begin to capture what one mother survived earlier this year in Shreveport, La. She was shot by her estranged husband but survived having a bullet lodged in her face. Her children were killed.
科技提供了新的伤害手段,例如色情深度伪造、录制并传播的性侵犯,其规模才刚刚开始显现。对于因污名和歧视被推向边缘的人群,风险更高。
Technology offers new means of damage, such as sexually explicit deepfakes and assaults that are recorded and distributed, the scale of which is only beginning to emerge. Risks are higher still for people pushed to the margins by stigma and discrimination.
我们往往将这些事件视为孤立个案。但要解决这一社会问题,我们需要正视它,正视我们自身的偏见,并找到前行的道路。
Too often, we see these incidents as isolated. But in order to solve this social problem, we need to recognize it, recognize our own biases and find a way to move forward.
针对女性的暴力也是最少被举报的犯罪之一。2024年,不足四分之一的性暴力案件被报警;在典型年份里,约有一半的亲密伴侣暴力未被举报。这种虐待隐蔽不见,却常被描述为不可避免且无法预测——这种叙事框架助长了纵容,伴随的只是对严重个案的惯常痛惜。
Violence against women is also among the most underreported crimes. Less than a quarter of all incidents of sexual violence were reported to police in 2024, and roughly half of the violence by intimate partners goes unreported in a typical year. This abuse is hidden and yet often cast as inevitable and unpredictable — a framing that fosters tolerance, alongside the requisite handwringing over severe cases.
幸存者站出来发声时,可能面临公众的质疑与骚扰;往往她们反而被归咎于遭受的暴力。社会的冷漠既威胁她们自身的安全,也阻挠其他人站出来:根深蒂固、隐性地优先保护施暴者,而牺牲幸存者及其真相。与此同时,暴力统计数据正悄然记录着我们视线受阻所付出的代价。
Survivors can face public skepticism and harassment in speaking up; oftentimes they are blamed for the violence that harmed them. Society’s cold shoulder both threatens their own safety and discourages others from coming forward: the entrenched, implicit prioritization of protecting perpetrators at the expense of survivors and their truth. All the while, violence statistics quietly tally the cost of our impaired vision.
康奈尔大学和芝加哥大学的案件曝光,正值各高校在10月初发布年度《克莱里法案》安全报告之际。1990年的《克莱里法案》在要求公开性侵犯等犯罪信息方面具有开创性,但它仅统计向校方或警方报告的案件。结果,对于一种极少被举报的犯罪,这又造成了一次严重的漏报。
The Cornell and University of Chicago cases emerged just as colleges released their annual Clery Act security reports at the start of October. The Clery Act of 1990 was groundbreaking in requiring transparency on sexual assault and other crimes, but it counts only incidents reported to campus authorities or police. The result is another gross undercount for a crime so rarely reported.
是时候将这些骇人罪行视为有规律、持续、可预测且可预防的——用一个词说,就是可解决的。证据清楚表明,许多策略能降低风险。其中四项尤为突出:首项,为幸存者提供住房和经济支持,对预防至关重要。经济依赖和缺乏替代住房让女性陷入不安全境地,面临不断升级、可能致命的暴力。为避免流落街头,女性会被迫回到施暴伴侣身边。
It’s time to see these horrid crimes as patterned, persistent, predictable and preventable — in a word, solvable. The evidence is clear that many strategies reduce risk. Four stand out The first, providing housing and economic support for survivors, is critical for prevention. Economic dependence and a lack of alternate housing keeps women trapped in unsafe situations, where they face escalating violence with potentially lethal outcomes. Women will return to abusive partners to avoid becoming homeless.
第二项,在每位女性还未纠结于是否揭露虐待之前,就向她提供安全与支持服务的信息。健康诊所能提供隐私保护,让幸存者无需说出正在遭遇的事情,就能获得所需帮助。
The second is to offer every woman information about safety and support services before she wrestles with whether to disclose abuse. Health clinics offer privacy and allow survivors to receive what they need without having to name what is happening to them.
第三是关于健康关系的早期教育,尤其是针对青少年及成年早期之前的年轻人,因为性暴力和伴侣暴力最常发生在这一时期。若不加以处理,早期的虐待会增加一生中再次受害的风险。
The third is early education on healthy relationships, especially for young people before the teen and early adult years, when sexual and partner violence most often begin. Left unaddressed, early abuse raises risk for revictimization across a lifetime.
预防越早越有效:识别危险信号和安全信号,将健康的持续同意正常化,并不仅反对性侵,也反对日常的不尊重以及使其正常化的文化。
Prevention works best early: recognizing red and green flags, normalizing healthy ongoing consent and speaking out not only against assault, but against the everyday disrespect and culture that normalizes it.
最后,我们需要高质量的数据和透明度。当今一代人理所当然地要求了解性暴力的真实规模,以及防止和应对性暴力所需的政治意愿和资源。
Finally, we need high-quality data and transparency. Today’s generations rightly demand access to the true scope of sexual violence, alongside the political will and resources to prevent and respond.
这四项解决方案载于该国首个《结束基于性别的暴力国家计划》,该计划于2023年发布。计划由幸存者本人以及来自全国各地的女性、执法人员、医疗保健提供者、从业者和倡导者的声音共同塑造而成。这些相同的声音正在推动计划的实施。
These four solutions are highlighted in the nation’s first National Plan to End Gender-Based Violence, released in 2023. The plan was shaped by survivors themselves, and voices from women, law enforcement, healthcare providers, practitioners and advocates across the nation. Those same voices are now carrying it forward.
协调该计划的白宫性别政策委员会于2025年1月第二任特朗普政府开始时解散。但我们不能停下脚步。地方领导人告诉我们,该计划在提升该问题的关注度和指导解决方案方面有多么重要。
The White House Gender Policy Council, the body that coordinated this plan, was dissolved in January 2025, when the second Trump administration began. But we cannot pause. Local leaders have told us how much the plan matters in raising the profile of this issue and guiding solutions.
针对女性的暴力是可以解决的。我们拥有数据、框架和工具。是时候继续为解决方案而努力了。女性的生命系于我们。
Violence against women is solvable. We have the data, the framework and tools. It’s time to keep working towards solutions. Women’s lives are depending on us.
米歇尔·德克尔(Michele Decker,ScD,MPH)是约翰斯·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院全球妇女健康与性别公平中心的创始人兼主任。她担任布隆伯格美国健康倡议暴力指导委员会主席,并主导开发了一套工具包,用于在州和地方层面传播证据和政策解决方案。
Michele Decker, ScD, MPH, is the founder and director of the Center for Global Women’s Health and Gender Equity at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She chairs the Violence Steering Committee for the Bloomberg American Health Initiative and has led the development of a toolkit to communicate evidence and policy solutions at the state and local levels.