国内收入动员仍然是索马里最大的财政挑战，限制了该东非国家政府为发展优先事项和公共服务提供资金的能力。
Domestic revenue mobilization remains Somalia’s biggest fiscal challenge, limiting the ability of the east Africa nation’s government to finance development priorities and public services.
根据世界银行的一份报告，2025年索马里的国内收入占国内生产总值（GDP）的6.3%，而同类国家这一比例为15%至17%。如果计入预算补助，2025年的总收入占GDP的11%。
Domestic revenue reached 6.3% of gross domestic product in 2025, compared with 15%-17% among peer countries, according to a World Bank report. Total revenue was 11% of GDP in 2025 when budget grants are included.
联邦政府征收了约71%的国内收入，而各成员州则负责一线服务的提供。该国由各联邦成员州、覆盖首都摩加迪沙的巴纳迪尔地区行政区，以及事实上的独立国家索马里兰组成。
The federal government collects about 71% of domestic revenue, while member states have responsibilities for frontline service delivery. The country comprises federal member states, the Banaadir Regional Administration that covers the capital, Mogadishu, and Somaliland, a de facto independent state.
报告称：“收入表现受到狭窄且低效的税收体系的制约，该体系产生的税收收入仅占GDP的5%左右——远低于同类国家——且仍然严重依赖关税和其他间接税。财政联邦体系的碎片化造成了收入流失的机会，并制约了高效国家税收体系的发展。”索马里估计人口约1900万，是世界上最依赖援助的国家之一，外部赠款和汇款在2025年占其经济产出的近一半。
“Revenue performance is constrained by a narrow and inefficient tax system that generates only about 5% of GDP in tax revenue — well below peer countries — and remains heavily dependent on customs duties and other indirect taxes,” according to the report. “Fragmentation in the fiscal federal system creates opportunities for revenue leakage and constrains the development of an efficient national tax system.”With an estimated population of about 19 million people, Somalia is one of the world’s most aid-dependent countries, with external grants and remittances accounting for nearly half of economic output in 2025.
尽管索马里在重建财政机构、恢复宏观经济稳定和加强公共财政管理方面取得了重要进展，但仍面临严峻的财政挑战。根据评估，该国在卫生方面的支出约占GDP的0.2%，教育支出约占0.5%，均处于全球最低水平之列。
While Somalia has made important progress in rebuilding its fiscal institutions, restoring macroeconomic stability and strengthening public-financial management, significant fiscal challenges remain. Spending on health is around 0.2% of GDP and about 0.5% for education, among the lowest globally, according to the review.
报告指出：“随着外部援助的减少，财政空间正在缩小，而发展和安全需求依然巨大。安全支出占用了稀缺国内收入的很大一部分，限制了教育、卫生、社会保障和基础设施方面的资源。”建议的改革措施包括改善海关估价和有效实施税收改革，主动管理财政和债务风险，例如转向优惠贷款，而不是依赖日益难以获得的赠款。
“Fiscal space is narrowing as external assistance declines, while development and security needs remain substantial,” according to the report. “Security spending absorbs a large share of scarce domestic revenues, limiting resources for education, health, social protection, and infrastructure.”Recommended reforms include improved customs valuation and effective implementation of tax reforms, managing fiscal and debt risks proactively, such as transitioning to concessional borrowing rather than relying on increasingly hard-to-come-by grants.
根据世界银行的模拟，改革可使产出增加9.3个百分点，并将国内收入提高6个百分点。报告称，这些改革还可以创造更高生产力的就业岗位，并在2033年前将贫困率降低6.3个百分点至47.2%。
Reforms could increase output by 9.3 percentage points and raise domestic revenues by 6 percentage points, according to World Bank’s simulations. They could also create higher-productivity jobs and reduce poverty by 6.3 percentage points to 47.2% by 2033, it said.
去年实际GDP增长放缓至3.1%，而2024年为4%，2023年为4.2%。
Real GDP growth slowed to 3.1% last year, compared with 4% in 2024 and 4.2% in 2023.