日本市场调研公司Macromill最近的一项调查显示，如果家中被认定安全，日本约七成人在发生大灾害后倾向于在家避难。
Seven out of 10 people in Japan would prefer to shelter at home after a major disaster if their homes are considered to be safe, according to a recent survey by market research firm Macromill.
调查还显示，仅约15%的受访者详细了解在家避难所需的准备工作，各地区的了解程度存在差异。
The survey also showed that only about 15% of respondents had a detailed understanding of the preparations needed to shelter at home, with regional differences in levels of understanding evident.
该调查自2024年起每年进行一次，于9月4日至15日在线实施，从日本全国获得了20万份有效回复。
The survey, conducted annually since 2024, was carried out online from Sept. 4 to 15, with valid responses obtained from 200,000 people across Japan.
当被问及如果家中在灾害后没有倒塌或淹水风险会如何避难时，72.5%的人表示倾向于留在家中。这远高于即使家中安全也会前往指定避难所的11.9%。
Asked how they would seek shelter if their homes were not at risk of collapse or flooding following a disaster, 72.5% said they would prefer to remain at home. This was far higher than the 11.9% who said they would go to a designated evacuation center even if their homes were safe.
另有4.8%的人表示会在亲戚熟人家或酒店避难，1.8%的人表示会在车内避难。
Another 4.8% said they would stay with relatives or acquaintances or at a hotel, while 1.8% said they would shelter in their cars.
中央和地方政府建议在家中安全的情况下在家避难，以缓解避难所拥挤、减轻灾民压力。
Central and local governments recommend sheltering at home if homes are safe to ease overcrowding at evacuation centers and reduce stress among evacuees.
要在家避难，充足的食物、水和简易厕所储备，以及确保基本生活设施的替代手段，是不可或缺的。
To shelter at home, adequate supplies of food, water and portable toilets, as well as alternative means of securing essential utilities, are indispensable.
仅14.7%的受访者表示详细了解必要的准备工作，50.1%表示听说过相关准备，35.2%表示完全不了解。
Only 14.7% of respondents said they had a detailed understanding of the necessary preparations, while 50.1% said they had heard about the preparations and 35.2% said they knew nothing about them.
过去曾遭受大灾害的县，表示详细了解必要准备工作的受访者比例较高。熊本县以26.5%位居首位，宫城县和福岛县分别以23.3%和20.0%紧随其后。
Prefectures affected by major disasters in the past had higher proportions of respondents who said they had a detailed understanding of the necessary preparations. Kumamoto Prefecture ranked highest at 26.5%, followed by Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures at 23.3% and 20.0%, respectively.
在全国47个都道府县中，和歌山县的比例最低，为8.9%，其次是德岛县的9.0%和冲绳县的9.3%。
Wakayama had the lowest share among the country’s 47 prefectures, at 8.9%, followed by Tokushima Prefecture at 9.0%, and Okinawa Prefecture at 9.3%.
“公众对具体准备工作的认识仍然不足，”一位Macromill官员说。“需要开展切实的公众宣传活动。”
“People’s understanding of the specific preparations needed remains insufficient,” a Macromill official said. “Practical public awareness campaigns are needed.”