西班牙主要反对党发布了一段利用AI深度伪造技术制作的竞选视频。视频中，与总理佩德罗·桑切斯领导的社会党有关联的人物的肖像似乎在承认不法行为。保守派的人民党（PP）于10月21日分享了该视频，距离11月29日大选还有五周。
Spain’s main opposition party has posted a campaign video built with AI deepfakes. In it, likenesses of people linked to Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s Socialists appear to confess to wrongdoing. The conservative People’s party (PP) shared it on 21 October, five weeks before the 29 November general election.
截至周五，该视频播放量已近200万次。阿西法·卡桑在《卫报》撰文报道称，这在西班牙引发了关于政治领域AI应用的更广泛辩论。人民党为该视频辩护，称其旨在揭露社会党的虚伪。
By Friday the video had nearly 2 million views. Ashifa Kassam reported for the Guardian that it has set off a wider debate in Spain about AI in politics. The PP has defended the video as a way to point out Socialist hypocrisy.
视频中，桑切斯妻子贝戈尼亚·戈麦斯的AI版本谈到因丈夫的职位获得大学职位。前社会党总理何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗的深度伪造形象谈到将珠宝藏在保险箱里。这两段台词均指向正在进行的调查，戈麦斯和萨帕特罗均否认有任何不法行为。视频中其他人物似乎承认了嫖娼和收受回扣。
An AI version of Sánchez’s wife, Begoña Gómez, talks about getting a university post thanks to her husband’s job. A deepfake of the former Socialist prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero talks about hiding jewellery in a safe. Both lines refer to ongoing investigations in which Gómez and Zapatero deny any wrongdoing. Other figures appear to admit to soliciting prostitutes and taking kickbacks.
人民党在X平台发布视频时配文“Sí, son zurdos”（“是的，他们是左撇子”）。这引用了桑切斯曾发帖称自己是左撇子。《卫报》报道称，视频底部有一个AI标签，字体极小、近乎透明。Sí, son zurdos. 2026年10月21日 一位部长和一起诉讼 西班牙数字化转型部长奥斯卡·洛佩斯在接受TVE采访时称该视频为“弥天大谎”。
The PP posted it on X with the words “Sí, son zurdos” (“Yes, they are left-handed”). That quoted a post in which Sánchez said he was left-handed. An AI label sits at the bottom in tiny, nearly transparent text, the Guardian reported. Sí, son zurdos. October 21, 2026 A minister and a lawsuit Óscar López, Spain’s digital transformation minister, called the video “a colossal lie” in an interview with TVE.
“对于不习惯接触AI的人来说，很容易将那个视频与现实混淆。说我疯了也好，但在我看来这极其严重。” 西班牙数字化转型部长 奥斯卡·洛佩斯 周五，莱雷·迪亚斯向法院提起诉讼，起诉人民党。她是前社会党党员，其肖像出现在视频中。据报道，她指控该党诽谤和数字身份盗窃，并要求立即撤下视频。
“It’s very easy for anyone who isn’t used to AI to confuse that video with reality. And call me crazy, but that seems extremely serious to me.”Óscar López, Spain’s digital transformation minister On Friday, Leire Díez filed a court complaint against the PP. She is a former Socialist party member whose likeness appears in the video. She reportedly accuses the party of defamation and digital identity theft, and wants the video taken down at once.
法律专家怎么说 《国家报》咨询的九位法律专家中，大多数认为该视频不违法。人民党已将其标记为AI制作，且基调属于政治讽刺。
What legal experts say Most of the nine legal experts consulted by El País said the video was not illegal. The PP had marked it as AI-made, and its tone was political satire.
“考虑到背景，每个人都知道那些人并没有说过那些话。” 马德里康普顿斯大学刑法学教授胡安·安东尼奥·拉斯库拉因表示，合法性只是一个问题。视频是否恰当或合乎道德则是另一个问题。
“Given the context, everyone knows those people didn’t say those things.”Íñigo Navarro, Comillas Pontifical University, to El País Juan Antonio Lascuraín, a criminal law professor at the Autonomous University of Madrid, said legality was only one question. Whether the video was appropriate or ethical was another.
何塞·哈维尔·奥利瓦斯在西班牙国立远程教育大学研究人工智能偏见和虚假信息。他称该视频是竞选活动通常运作方式的“一条红线”。他对《卫报》表示：“往别人嘴里塞话‘属于虚假信息’。”
José Javier Olivas researches AI bias and disinformation at Spain’s National University for Distance Education. He called the video a “red line” for how campaigns usually run. Putting words in other people’s mouths “qualifies for disinformation”, he told the Guardian.
人民党的回应 人民党的博尔哈·森佩尔对记者表示，该视频并非意在欺骗任何人。
The PP’s answer Borja Sémper of the PP told reporters the video was not meant to deceive anyone.
“如果存在恶意意图，让人们相信视频中出现的人物是真实的，那我们就有麻烦了。但每个人都能看出，这是一种利用数字工具来凸显社会党运作方式中虚伪性的做法。” 博尔哈·森佩尔，人民党政治深度伪造也在其他地方出现。巴西在其十月大选前着手界定深度伪造的定义。意大利总理梅洛尼已申请将其声音注册为商标。在英国，Meta的监督委员会责令该公司删除一段地方议员的深度伪造视频。
“If there had been malicious intent to make people believe that the characters who appear there are real, then we’d have a problem. But everyone can see that this is a way of using digital tools to highlight the hypocrisy in which the Socialist party operates.”Borja Sémper, PP Political deepfakes have surfaced elsewhere too. Brazil set out to define a deepfake before its October vote. Italy’s Giorgia Meloni has filed to trademark her voice. In the UK, Meta’s Oversight Board ordered the company to remove a deepfake of a local councillor.
据《卫报》报道，大多数民调显示人民党将赢得大选，但将需要极右翼政党Vox的支持才能组建政府。
Most polls suggest the PP will win the election but will need the far-right Vox party to form a government, according to the Guardian.