
德克萨斯州糖城讯——瓦桑特·巴特的社交媒体帖子所引发的回应,恰恰证明了他的观点。
SUGAR LAND, Texas ― The responses to Vasant Bhatt’s post proved his point.
巴特是印度移民之子,今年21岁,就读于休斯顿大学,作为一名大学生,他在保守政治领域的经历已算相当悠久:2024年,他曾为参议员泰德·克鲁兹的连任竞选活动担任实习生,并为右翼新闻网站“校园改革”(Campus Reform)担任通讯员,该网站专注于高等教育报道。
Bhatt, the son of an Indian immigrant and a 21-year-old student at the University of Houston, has about as long a history in conservative politics as a college student can have: He interned for Sen. Ted Cruz’s reelection campaign in 2024, and he was a correspondent for Campus Reform, a right-wing news site focused on higher education.
因此,当他在社交媒体上发帖表示支持民主党人詹姆斯·塔拉里科参加今年的德州参议院竞选,并解释说自己作为印度裔美国人,“对排外主义、种族怨恨以及日益肆无忌惮地攻击我的身份感到厌恶”时,他大致知道会遇到什么。
So he had some idea what to expect when he posted on social media he was backing Democrat James Talarico in this year’s Texas Senate race, explaining he was “disgusted by the xenophobia, racial resentment, and increasingly brazen attacks on my identity” as an Indian American.
但来自保守派的回应比他预想的更加恶毒。右翼媒体《联邦党人》(The Federalist)的一名撰稿人称这“为限制合法移民提供了一个非常有力的论据”,一名保守派主播称他为“寄生虫”,而知名保守派播客主持人杰克·波索比埃克则暗示巴特一直以来都是隐藏的自由派人士。
But the responses from conservatives to his post were even more venomous. One writer for the right-wing outlet The Federalist called it “a really strong case for limited legal immigration,” a conservative streamer labeled him a “parasite,” and the prominent conservative podcaster Jack Posobiec suggested Bhatt was a secret liberal all along.
但共和党及保守派运动正面临一个无法通过辱骂来解决的问题。右翼对印度裔美国人产生了一种痴迷,这种痴迷在特朗普总统第二任期的头两年里愈演愈烈,导致有人呼吁限制印度移民、取消H-1B签证,播客探讨“印度问题”,社交媒体帖子暗示印度裔美国学生不该出现在德克萨斯大学的橄榄球比赛现场。
But Republicans, and the conservative movement, are facing a problem they cannot insult their way out of. The right has developed an obsession with Indian Americans that has only grown during the first two years of President Donald Trump’s second administration, resulting in calls to limit Indian immigration, eliminate H1-B visas, podcasts pondering “the Indian Question” and social media posts suggesting Indian American students are out of place at a University of Texas football game.
这一切都没有逃过印度裔美国社区的注意,该社区是美国受教育程度最高、最富裕的移民群体之一。这对共和党来说也是一个问题。
None of it has escaped notice by the Indian American community, one of the best educated and most prosperous immigrant groups in the country. And it’s a problem for the GOP.
印度裔美国人历史上倾向于支持民主党,但该群体在2024年明显转向特朗普。保守派中许多人公开的种族主义正在推动他们在中期选举前重新转向左翼。一项由印度裔美国人倡导团体委托的最新民调发现,四分之一在2024年支持特朗普的印度裔美国人计划在中期选举中投票给民主党。
Indian Americans have historically leaned toward Democrats, but the community swung significantly toward Trump in 2024. The outright racism from many in the conservative movement is playing a role in pushing them back to the left ahead of the midterm elections. A recent poll commissioned by an Indian American advocacy group found a quarter of Indian Americans who backed Trump in 2024 planned to vote for Democrats in the midterm elections.
民调还发现,与大多数选民一样,生活成本和医疗费用上涨是该群体最关心的问题。而且,尽管民主党在可能投票者中以约66%的支持率领先共和党,但近三分之二的独立南亚选民表示,在中期选举前仍未决定。但无论如何看,这对共和党来说都是坏消息。
The poll also found that, like most voters, the rising cost of living and healthcare were top issues for the community. And while Democrats led Republicans among likely voters at around 66%, nearly two-thirds of Independent South Asian voters said they were undecided ahead of the midterms. But, no matter how you slice it, it’s bad news for the GOP.
“印度裔美国选民中有一大群人,用更好的说法,正在产生‘买家悔恨’,”印度裔美国人影响力组织(Indian American Impact)的执行主任钦坦·帕特尔(Chintan Patel)表示,该组织进行了这项调查。“随着我们谈论仇恨和歧视,这种情绪正在整个社区中积聚。”这种紧张局势可能成为全国各地选举的关键因素:新泽西州第7选区和宾夕法尼亚州第1选区都是民主党争取翻转的重要机会,两地都有大量印度裔美国人,佐治亚州和密歇根州等摇摆州也是如此。
“There are a large chunk of [Indian American] voters who are, for lack of a better word, having buyers remorse,” said Chintan Patel, the executive director of Indian American Impact, the company that conducted the survey. “That’s something that is building across the community as we’re talking about hate and discrimination.”The tension could be a key factor in races around the country: New Jersey’s 7th District and Pennsylvania’s 1st, both major Democratic pick-up opportunities, boast significant Indian American populations, as do the swing states of Georgia and Michigan.
俄亥俄州共和党州长候选人维韦克·拉马斯瓦米(Vivek Ramaswamy)因其血统和印度教信仰而遭到保守派的怀疑。
Vivek Ramaswamy, the GOP candidate for governor in Ohio, has faced conservative skepticism because of his ancestry and Hindu faith.
但共和党面临的问题在德克萨斯州可能最为明显,该州拥有美国最昂贵的参议院选举。休斯顿的一个富裕郊区糖城(Sugar Land)拥有一尊90英尺高的哈努曼雕像——哈努曼是印度教神话中受尊崇的手持棍棒的半猴神——位于斯里阿斯塔拉克希米神庙(Sri Ashtalakshmi Temple)的场地内。
But the problems for the GOP may be most visible in Texas, home to the nation’s most expensive Senate race. Sugar Land, a prosperous suburb of Houston, is home to a 90-foot statue of Hanuman — the mace-toting half-monkey deity revered in Hindu mythology — located on the grounds of Sri Ashtalakshmi Temple.
这座雕像的揭幕仪式——它是美国第四高雕像——激发了右翼对印度移民痴迷的一些最早证据。一些人称这座供奉象征勇气与克制的印度教神祇的巍峨纪念碑为“恶魔般的”,并暗示它会招致基督教上帝的“愤怒”。前执法人员、曾参加得克萨斯州参议员共和党初选的亚历山大·邓肯去年在社交媒体帖子中称,该雕像供奉的是一位“虚假的”神。
The unveiling of the statue, the fourth-tallest in the United States, spurred some of the earliest evidence of the right-wing’s fixation on Indian immigration. Some called the towering monument to the Hindu deity of courage and self-restraint “demonic” and suggested it would invoke the “wrath” of a Christian God. Alexander Duncan, a former law enforcement officer who ran in the Republican primary for Texas Senate, said in a social media post last year that the statue honored a “false” god.
但这一问题上个月闯入了全国视野。竞选得克萨斯州铁路委员会委员的共和党候选人博·弗伦奇发布了一张德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校橄榄球赛场上南亚裔学生人群的照片,并声称看台上的种族构成证明美国人正被“外国人取代”。
But the issue burst into the national spotlight last month. Bo French, Republican candidate for the Texas Railroad Commission, posted an image of a crowd of South Asian students at a University of Texas, Austin, football game and claimed the racial makeup of the stands was proof Americans were being “displaced by foreigners.”
弗伦奇的这篇帖子——他为之进行了辩护——遭到了广泛抨击。但民选共和党领袖基本无视了他显而易见的反印度言论。州长格雷格·阿博特是极少数表态的人之一,他仅表示这“不是我的信息”。右翼其他人则追随弗伦奇的脚步。保守派思想领袖克里斯·鲁福上个月主持了一期播客节目,标题不祥地命名为“印度裔问题”,他在节目中与联合主持人乔纳森·基珀曼声称,印度移民来自一种“异质”文化,且不太可能在美国同化。
French’s post, which he has defended, was widely panned. But elected Republican leaders largely ignored his obvious anti-Indian rhetoric. Gov. Greg Abbott, one of the few to weigh in, simply observed it was “not my message.”Others on the right followed French’s lead. Conservative thought leader Chris Rufo hosted an episode of his podcast last month ominously titled “The Indian Question,” in which he and co-host Jonathan Keeperman claimed Indian immigrants were from an “alien” culture and were less likely to assimilate in the U.S.
由弗伦奇争议及其他反印度和反南亚裔言论引发的舆论并未局限于互联网。9月,锡克教徒卡车司机古尔温德·辛格在怀俄明州一处高速公路休息站遭刺17刀。袭击发生之际,正值特朗普政府打击移民卡车司机,并将锡克教徒作为重点打击对象。
The discourse spurred by the French controversy and other anti-Indian and South Asian rhetoric hasn’t been confined to the internet, either. In September, Gurvinder Singh, a Sikh truck driver, was stabbed 17 times at a highway rest stop in Wyoming. The attack came amid a Trump administration crackdown on immigrant truck drivers that singled out Sikhs.
本月初,伊利诺伊州当局挫败了一起针对印度教寺庙的企图大规模枪击案,此前一名嫌疑人的同事向当局举报了他“杀害印度裔”的计划。当地领袖将这起计划中的枪击案与网络上的反印度仇恨联系在一起。
And authorities in Illinois earlier this month foiled an attempted mass shooting at a Hindu temple after one of the suspect’s coworkers alerted them to his plan to “kill Indian people.”Local leaders have tied the planned shooting to online anti-Indian hate.
“我们本可能在谈论一场大规模悲剧,”帕特尔说。“这就是我们现在所处的环境。”在德克萨斯州和大休斯顿地区,那里拥有近30%的“孤星州”印裔美国人人口,社区领袖表示,右翼反印裔情绪的上升让许多人重新审视他们与共和党的关系。
“We could have been talking about a massive tragedy,” said Patel. “That’s the kind of environment we’re in right now.”In Texas and the greater Houston area, which boasts nearly 30% of the Lone Star State’s Indian American population, community leaders said the rise in anti-Indian sentiment on the right has made many people reconsider their relationship with the Republican party.
“我见过一些人说,他们打算在选票上从头到尾都投给民主党,以向共和党传达一个信息,即他们不会容忍这种情况,”休斯顿商人、印度裔美国人基金会董事会成员里希·布塔达说。
“I’ve seen a few people who say they’re just going to vote D[emocrat] straight down the ballot, to send a message to the Republican Party that they’re not going to tolerate it,” said Rishi Bhutada, a Houston businessman and board member of the Hindu American Foundation.
布塔达在接受《赫芬顿邮报》采访时表示,过去右翼针对印裔美国人的大部分反弹——比如针对舒加兰哈努曼雕像的抗议——感觉“局限于网上”,且仅限于边缘群体。但那条法国帖子和伊利诺伊州未遂寺庙枪击案让社区警醒。
Bhutada told HuffPost in an interview that much of the past right-wing backlash against Indian Americans — such as the protests against Sugar Land’s Hanuman statue — felt “online” and confined to the fringe. But the French post and attempted Illinois temple shooting shook the community awake.
“我认为那真的改变了话题,”他说。“很多人很快就感到担忧。”哈里斯县民事法院法官曼普里特·莫妮卡·辛格,她是德克萨斯州首位锡克教法官,指出了特朗普政府发出的其他“引发恐惧”的反印裔情绪例子,比如国土安全部对锡克教卡车司机的打压,以及针对H-1B签证的言论。
“I think that really changed the conversation,” he said. “A lot of people got concerned very quickly.”Judge Manpreet Monica Singh, who sits on the bench at Harris County’s civil court and is Texas’ first-ever Sikh jurist, pointed to other “fear-inducing” examples of anti-Indian sentiment coming from the Trump administration, such as the Homeland Security Department’s crackdown on Sikh truck drivers and rhetoric against H-1B visas.
作为民主党人的辛格告诉《赫芬顿邮报》,她看到休斯顿锡克教社区中更多保守派成员在重新思考他们的政治立场。
Singh, a Democrat, told HuffPost she’s seen more conservative members of the Houston Sikh community rethinking their political affiliation.
“他们在质疑:我们一直在支持什么,为什么我们一直对此无动于衷?”她说。“我看到了后悔和支持度的倒退。”德克萨斯州众议员苏莱曼·拉拉尼(民主党)表示,他从休斯顿郊区选区内倾向保守的印裔美国人和其他南亚裔那里听到了类似的说法。
“They’re questioning: What have we been backing, and why have we been OK with this?” she said. “I see regret and the regression of support.”Texas state Rep. Suleman Lalani (D) said he’d heard similar things from conservative-leaning Indian Americans and other South Asians in his district in the Houston suburbs.
“有人当面告诉他们,他们不属于这里,”他在得克萨斯州里士满的塔拉里科竞选活动现场周三告诉《赫芬顿邮报》。“这不仅发生在印度裔社区。这发生在所有移民身上,在寺庙、清真寺和其他场所。”在孤星州,南亚裔选票的崩塌可能会重创帕克斯顿,后者正在为保持参议院处于共和党控制之下、阻止民主党人翻转一个已可靠红了一代的席位而进行关键战役。
“Some of them have been told to their face that they don’t belong,” he told HuffPost Wednesday on the sidelines of a Talarico campaign event in Richmond, Texas. “It’s not only happening to the Indian community. It’s happening to immigrants all over, in temples and mosques and other places.”In the Lone Star State, the collapsing South Asian vote could fall hard on Paxton, who is fighting a crucial battle to keep the Senate under Republican control and prevent Democrats from flipping a seat that has been reliably red for a generation.
帕克斯顿是那大批未对弗伦奇贬损南亚裔大学生的帖子发表看法的共和党政治人物中的显著一员。布塔达指出,这位共和党参议员候选人对该争议最实质性的回应,是攻击他的对手塔拉里科。
Paxton was notably among the large swath of Republican political figures who failed to weigh in on French’s post maligning South Asian university students. Bhutada noted that the GOP Senate candidate’s most substantive response to the controversy was to attack his opponent Talarico.
“就这些了,”他补充道。“没别人说什么。”除阿博特外,只有少数拥有全国平台的共和党人公开反对右翼日益高涨的反印度言论。参议员约翰·科宁(共和党-得克萨斯州),这位在激烈初选中败给帕克斯顿的卸任共和党议员,表示他不会投票给弗伦奇,并称其为“共和党的耻辱”。资深共和党策略师卡尔·罗夫同样表示,在弗伦奇发帖后,他会投票给民主党人而非弗伦奇。
“That was it,” he added. “No one else said anything.”Other than Abbott, only a few Republicans with national platforms have spoken out against rising anti-Indian rhetoric on the right. Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas), the outgoing Republican lawmaker who lost to Paxton in a fierce primary battle, said he would not vote for French after his outburst and called him an “embarrassment to the Republican Party.”Longtime GOP strategist Karl Rove similarly said he’d vote for a Democrat over French following his post.
其他全国级共和党人对反印度言论和暴力激增保持沉默,对南亚裔社区而言同样震耳欲聋。
The silence of other national GOPers about the spike in anti-Indian rhetoric and violence has been similarly deafening for the South Asian community.
“JD·万斯对伊利诺伊州这起企图大规模枪击案绝口不提,”帕特尔说,他指出这位副总统对此问题的沉默尤其令人愤慨,因为他的妻子乌莎是印度教徒。
“JD Vance has said absolutely nothing about this attempted mass shooting in Illinois,” said Patel, who pointed out the vice president’s muteness on the issue was particularly offensive because his wife, Usha, is Hindu.
万斯被广泛视为2028年共和党总统提名的领跑者,他已经在印度裔美国人社区面临的关键政策问题上站队,最著名的是H-1B签证——他本月表示应彻底取消该签证。
Vance, widely regarded as the front-runner for the 2028 GOP presidential nomination, has already taken sides on key policy issues facing the Indian American community, most notably H-1B visas — which he said this month should be eliminated completely.
随着选民在得克萨斯州等关键摇摆州前往投票站,且两党均已着眼于下一届总统大选,共和党能否赢回2024年曾取得进展的印度裔美国人群体,目前尚不清楚。
As voters head to the polls in key battleground states like Texas, and as both parties look ahead to the next presidential election, it’s unclear whether Republicans will be able to win back members of the Indian American community with whom they made inroads in 2024.
已有部分右翼人士开始观察风向,试图遏制同阵营内的反印度情绪。以反移民言论著称的右翼激进分子劳拉·卢默周四在X平台发帖称,“右翼有很多人已被训练成非理性地仇恨印度人”。但即便保守派运动将反印仇恨重新推回边缘,对该群体中曾经的共和党选民造成的伤害可能已成定局。
Already, some on the right are reading the tea leaves and looking to temper anti-Indian sentiment among their compatriots. Right-wing provocateur Laura Loomer, no stranger to anti-immigrant commentary, nonetheless wrote in a post on X Thursday that “a lot of people on the right have been conditioned to irrationally hate Indians.”But even if the conservative movement relegates anti-Indian hate back to the fringe, the damage may be done for formerly Republican voters in the community.
“目前,我很难说自己是否还能回到共和党,”巴特说。“这很难启齿,因为我一直有真正的保守主义信念。但看到这些言论,我不禁自问:为什么我要如此拼命地为一个让我感到越来越被迫在其中捍卫自身立足之地的政党辩护。”
“Right now, it’s very difficult for me to say if I could ever return to the GOP,” said Bhatt. “It’s a difficult thing for me to admit, because I’ve had real conservative convictions. But seeing all this rhetoric, I’m asking myself why I was working so hard to defend a political party where I felt increasingly compelled to defend my own place within it.”