英特尔已成为Good Jobs First的最新目标，该组织质疑这家芯片制造商为何在设厂多年、并在当地裁员数千人之后，仍继续从关键州获得税收减免。这家致力于推动经济发展问责的非营利组织表示，英特尔曾承诺为其位于俄勒冈州希尔斯伯勒和新墨西哥州里奥兰乔工厂周边地区投资数十亿美元，并创造数千个高科技岗位。
Intel has become the latest target for Good Jobs First, which questions why the chipmaker continues to receive tax breaks from key states, long after setting up shop there, and laying off thousands of workers in those regions. The non-profit organization, which promotes accountability in economic development, says the chipmaker promised billions of dollars in investment and thousands of high-tech jobs for the areas surrounding its manufacturing plants in Hillsboro, Oregon, and Rio Rancho, New Mexico.
其报告《流血边缘：公众如何为英特尔的半导体制造买单》称，自2015年以来，英特尔的房产税减免使这些社区损失了超过12亿美元的收入，而缺口的大部分主要落在了由这些地方政府资助的学校身上。就俄勒冈州而言，Good Jobs First表示，英特尔利用战略投资计划（SIP）获得的房产税减免使其至少免缴11.4亿美元，而希尔斯伯勒的学校在2017年至2025年间损失了8.91亿美元的收入。
Its report, The Bleeding Edge: How the Public Pays the Costs of Intel’s Semiconductor Manufacturing, claims that Intel's property tax breaks cost these communities more than $1.2 billion in lost revenue since 2015, and the brunt of the shortfall has largely fallen on schools funded by those local governments. For Oregon, Good Jobs First says that property tax abatements from Intel's use of the Strategic Investment Program (SIP) exempted it from at least $1.14 billion, while Hillsboro schools lost $891 million in revenue from 2017 through 2025.
同一时期，英特尔向俄勒冈州支付了5.524亿美元的费用，不到其税收减免价值的三分之一。在新墨西哥州，数字较低，但仍然可观。报告称，自2017年以来，英特尔通过工业收益债券（IRB）获得的房产税豁免造成了9960万美元的收入损失，而里奥兰乔公立学校在同一九年期间估计损失了4340万美元。在这方面，该公司在2017年至2025年间支付了4160万美元的法定代税款项，由受影响的地方政府分享。
During the same timeframe, Intel paid Oregon $552.4 million in fees, or less than a third of the value of its tax breaks. In New Mexico, the figures are lower, but still significant. The report puts Chipzilla's property tax exemptions from Industrial Revenue Bonds (IRBs) at $99.6 million in foregone revenue since 2017, while Rio Rancho’s Public Schools lost an estimated $43.4 million over the same nine-year period. Here, the company paid $41.6 million in required payments in lieu of taxes from 2017 through 2025, shared among affected local governments.
Good Jobs First还指出，尽管获得了这些补贴，英特尔仍根据《芯片法案》从美国联邦政府获得了数十亿美元的资金。然而，这方面的情况有些复杂，因为该公司在拜登政府时期最初获得了78.6亿美元，据信其中22亿美元已经支付。
Good Jobs First also notes that despite these subsidies, Intel was awarded billions under the CHIPS Act funding from the US federal government. However, the situation with that is somewhat complex, as the company secured an initial $7.86 billion under the Biden administration, of which $2.2 billion is believed to have been paid out.
然而，即将上任的特朗普政府决定重新考虑该方案，最终达成了一项价值89亿美元的交易，收购英特尔10%的普通股，资金来源包括《芯片法案》剩余57亿美元现金，以及根据“安全飞地”项目为军方制造半导体而追加的32亿美元。与此同时，据“好工作优先”组织估计，过去三年间，这家芯片制造商在其俄勒冈州和新墨西哥州的工厂已裁员超过4700人，原因是公司正在艰难应对重组努力和巨额亏损。
The incoming Trump administration, however, decided to rethink the scheme, and ended up making an $8.9 billion deal for 10 percent of Intel’s common stock, made up of the remaining $5.7 billion of the CHIPS Act cash plus an additional $3.2 billion under the Secure Enclave program to make semiconductors for the military. At the same time, the chipmaker is estimated by Good Jobs First to have laid off more than 4,700 workers at its facilities in Oregon and New Mexico over the past three years, as the company wrestled with restructuring efforts and dramatic losses. (These are just a fraction of Intel’s total layoffs during the period.)
（这只是英特尔该期间总裁员人数的一小部分。）该非营利组织指出，问题在于这些厂区是英特尔已运营数十年的成熟设施。它们已经拥有新厂址可能需要投资才能获得的设施、基础设施、熟练工人和其他必要条件。 “好工作优先”组织问道，持续的税收减免是否真的必要，还是说这只是在补贴英特尔无论如何都会做出的商业决定？
The issue, according to the non-profit, is that these sites are established Intel facilities which the company has operated for decades. They already have the facilities, infrastructure, skilled workers, and other necessities that a new site might require investment for. Are continued tax breaks truly necessary, Good Jobs First asks, or are they just subsidizing business decisions Intel would make anyway?
该组织表示，英特尔在俄勒冈州和新墨西哥州的过往记录应被视为其他考虑成为半导体制造基地的社区的重要教训，并建议质疑州和地方税收减免是否真的必要。“税收激励本应鼓励投资，而不是为企业提供长达数十年的持续公共支持流，” “好工作优先”组织研究分析师、该报告作者克里斯汀·黄·卡里宁表示。
It says Intel’s track record in Oregon and New Mexico should be taken as important lessons for other communities considering becoming a home to semiconductor manufacturing, and recommends questioning whether state and local tax breaks are even necessary. "Tax incentives are supposed to encourage investment, not provide companies with an ongoing stream of public support for decades," said Good Jobs First Research Analyst and report author Kristan Wong Karinen.
“英特尔在这些园区享受税收减免已经延续了几代人，地方领导人应该认真追问，为什么这些补贴仍然有必要，尤其是考虑到他们从《芯片法案》中获得了数十亿美元的联邦拨款和税收抵免。”我们请英特尔就“好就业优先”组织的这些说法发表声明，英特尔回应称：“英特尔在我们运营所在地区与政府密切合作，利用激励措施支持尖端半导体的研发和制造。除了年度报告中已有的内容外，我们不提供更多细节。”
"Intel has received tax breaks at these campuses for generations, and local leaders should be asking hard questions about why those subsidies are still necessary, especially with the billions of dollars in federal grants and tax credits they receive from the CHIPS Act." We asked Intel for a statement regarding these claims by Good Jobs First, and in response it told us: "Intel works closely with governments in the regions where we operate to leverage incentives that support leading-edge semiconductor R&D and manufacturing. We are not providing additional details beyond what's available in our annual reports."
这家非营利组织近期的目标一直是数据中心，以及那些为开发商和运营商提供税收激励、鼓励其在本州境内建设的州。一些州因服务器农场项目损失了数十亿美元的收入，而另一些州则未能披露其税收缺口。®
Recent targets for the non-profit have been datacenters, and the states offering tax incentives for developers and operators to build within their jurisdiction. Some states were losing billions in lost revenue to server farm projects, while others were failing to disclose their tax shortfall. ®