埃迪丝·M·莱德勒 联合国——联合国人权专家周三表示，尼加拉瓜的共同总统已建立起独裁统治，并且“有合理依据相信已发生危害人类罪”。该专家组自2018年4月以来一直在调查尼加拉瓜的人权侵犯和虐待指控，尼加拉瓜政府对此予以否认。联合国专家称，他们已记录到夫妇领袖丹尼尔·奥尔特加和罗萨里奥·穆里略通过任意拘留、强迫失踪、政治迫害以及剥夺对手国籍等手段，试图消除反对声音。
EDITH M. LEDERER UNITED NATIONS — United Nations human rights experts said Wednesday that Nicaragua’s co-presidents have established a dictatorship and that there are “reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed.”The expert group has been investigating allegations of human rights violations and abuses in Nicaragua, which the country’s government denies, since April 2018. The U.N. experts said they have documented actions by husband-and-wife leaders Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo aimed at eliminating opposition through arbitrary detentions, forced disappearances, political persecution and stripping opponents of their citizenship.
“我们看到的是一个完整的独裁，而这个独裁只有一个明确目标：永久的王朝统治，”日内瓦人权理事会任命的专家组主席简-迈克尔·西蒙对联合国记者说。“四个月前，丹尼尔·奥尔特加大声宣称——尼加拉瓜将永不再举行选举。”
“What we are looking at is a full dictatorship, and that dictatorship has one clear goal: permanent dynastic rule,” Jan-Michael Simon, chair of the group appointed by the Geneva-based Human Rights Council, told U.N. reporters. “Four months ago, Daniel Ortega said it loud — Nicaragua will never hold elections again. ”
对此，尼加拉瓜称人权理事会——一个已退出的联合国机构——“被操纵、过时且干涉内政”，并指责“新殖民主义大国”将人权武器化用于“政治侵略”。自2018年大规模抗议导致血腥的政府镇压并造成数百人死亡以来，奥尔特加及其妻子一直掌握权力。
In response, Nicaragua called the Human Rights Council — a U.N. agency that it has withdrawn from — “manipulated, obsolete and interfering” and accused “neo-colonialist powers” of weaponizing human rights for “political aggression.”Since mass protests in 2018 , which led to a bloody government crackdown that killed hundreds , Ortega and his wife have held on to power.
奥尔特加宣布自己是2021年选举的胜者——该选举被国际社会普遍视为不合法——因为他将所有可能击败他的候选人全部监禁。美国不承认奥尔特加的总统职位。
Ortega declared himself the winner of the 2021 election — a vote widely viewed as illegitimate by the international community — after jailing all the candidates who could have possibly beaten him. The United States does not recognize Ortega’s presidency.
尼加拉瓜政府已监禁或流放对手、宗教领袖、记者等多人，剥夺了数百人的国籍、住房和财产。自2018年以来，政府关闭了5000多家组织，主要是宗教组织，并迫使数千人离开该国。
Nicaragua’s government has imprisoned or exiled adversaries, religious leaders, journalists and more, stripping hundreds of their citizenship, homes and possessions. Since 2018, it has shuttered more than 5,000 organizations , largely religious, and forced thousands to flee the country.
政府经常指责其针对的批评者和组织为美国及其敌人效力，以破坏其权力。
The government often accuses critics and organizations it targets of working for the U.S. and its enemies to undermine its power.
联合国专家组成员里德·布罗迪表示，尼加拉瓜执政的桑地诺阵线党对警察、法院和监狱拥有“完全控制”，而且根据去年通过的宪法，立法机构和司法机构不再独立，而是由联合总统控制。
Reed Brody, a member of the U.N. expert group, said Nicaragua’s ruling Sandinista Party has “total control” over the police, courts and prisons, and under the constitution adopted last year, the legislature and judiciary are no longer independent but controlled by the co-presidents.
“国内已经没有反对党，没有独立媒体”，也没有持批评态度的非政府组织，布罗迪说。他是一位匈牙利裔美国人权律师和检察官。“任何人想要表达不同意见，都已经没有任何空间了。”布罗迪说，自2023年2月以来，至少有452名被视为政治反对者的尼加拉瓜人被宣布为“叛徒”并被剥夺公民身份，导致他们成为无国籍人，其中包括前桑地诺阵线领导人、一位前副总统以及2021年的所有总统候选人。
“There are no opposition parties left, no independent press inside the country,” no critical nongovernmental organizations, said Brody, a Hungarian American human rights lawyer and prosecutor. “There is simply no space left for anyone to disagree.”Since February 2023, Brody said, at least 452 Nicaraguans considered political opponents have been declared “traitors” and stripped of their citizenship, leaving them stateless, including former Sandinista leaders, a former vice president and all presidential candidates from 2021.
他说，一个跨国监控网络还“监视、恐吓和攻击”海外的数十万尼加拉瓜人。
A transnational surveillance network also “monitors, intimidates, and attacks the hundreds of thousands of Nicaraguans” abroad, he said.
布罗迪说，尼加拉瓜人权专家组“已找到合理理由相信，危害人类罪已经发生”。
The Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua “has found reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed,” Brody said.
他说，专家们敦促各国就尼加拉瓜违反无国籍公约一事，向联合国最高司法机关国际法院提起诉讼。然而，尼加拉瓜不是国际刑事法院的缔约国。
The experts urge countries to bring a case against Nicaragua to the International Court of Justice, the U.N.’s highest tribunal, for violating the convention on statelessness, he said. Nicaragua, however, is not a party to the International Criminal Court.