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魏尔·格肖特·曼格斯律所崩塌表明律师成了新的银行家Weil Gotshal Implosion Shows Lawyers Are the New Bankers

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纽约第五大道767号,威嘉律师事务所纽约总部 摄影师:丹尼尔·阿克767 Fifth Avenue, Weil, Gotshal & Manges’ New York City HQ Photographer: DANIEL ACKER

美国律所魏尔·格肖特·曼格斯(Weil Gotshal & Manges)的垮台,其精英重组专家曾就雷曼兄弟破产提供咨询,这证实了律师确实是新的银行家——巨额薪酬和引发动荡的挤兑风都包括在内。

The implosion of US law firm Weil Gotshal & Manges, whose elite restructuring experts once advised on Lehman Brothers’ collapse, confirms that lawyers really are the new bankers — massive pay checks and destabilizing bank runs included.

在该所决定在一系列高级合伙人离职后停止运营之后,人们必须考虑管理失误,包括缺乏顶线增长和继承计划失败,在多大程度上导致了魏尔的崩溃。

After it decided to wind down operations following a raft of senior departures, one must consider to what extent management missteps, including a lack of top-line growth and a botched succession plan, contributed to Weil’s unraveling.

但大型律所竞争对手不应自欺欺人,认为同样的事情不会发生在他们身上。这是一个行业为人才进行达尔文式战争的逻辑结果,这场战争使超级明星律师的年薪膨胀至高达4000万美元。在这种雇佣兵式的环境中,将像魏尔这样近百年历史的法律重量级机构联系在一起的社会纽带和忠诚更容易松动。

But Big Law rivals shouldn’t kid themselves the same couldn’t happen to some of them. It’s the logical consequence of an industry engaging in a Darwinian war for talent that’s caused compensation for superstars to balloon to as much as $40 million a year. In such a mercenary environment, the social ties and loyalty binding even a near century-old legal heavyweight like Weil can more easily fray.

“讽刺的是,服务于私募资本世界的超级精英律所现在在结构上更脆弱,”法律招聘咨询公司爱德华兹·吉布森(Edwards Gibson)的主管斯科特·吉布森(Scott Gibson)告诉我。“拥有可携带客户关系的雨maker越多,集中风险就越大。如果他们离开,即使底层业务依然强劲且高度盈利,也可能演变成对合伙关系的自我实现的挤兑。”

“Ironically it’s the super-elite law firms serving the world of private capital who are now structurally more vulnerable,” Scott Gibson, director of legal recruitment consultancy Edwards Gibson, tells me. “The more rainmakers there are with portable client relationships, the more concentration risk. If they depart, it can turn into a self-fulfilling run on the partnership, even where the underlying business remains strong and highly profitable.”

自克里斯·马切拉(Chris Machera,其私募股权联合负责人)和迈克尔·艾洛(Michael Aiello,魏尔的并购主管)等大牌宣布离职,以及即将上任的执行合伙人拉蒙娜·尼(Ramona Nee)拒绝担任最高职务以来,魏尔已陷入困境数周。

Weil has been on the ropes for weeks after big names like Chris Machera, its co-head of private equity, and Michael Aiello, Weil’s mergers supremo, announced they were leaving, and incoming Executive Partner Ramona Nee turned down the top job.

外流变得不可阻挡。律师事务所合伙制可能容易遭遇此类情况,因为其主要资产是人。当更好的报价出现或形势变得棘手时,这些高收入者跳槽是理性的选择。留下来可能意味着他们最终分得的利润份额更低,或者如果事务所倒闭,不得不在财务上承担责任。耶鲁法学院教授约翰·莫利的这篇论文将这种自我强化的动态比作银行挤兑,是对可能出现问题的极佳解释。

The exodus became unstoppable. Law partnerships are potentially vulnerable to this sort of thing because their main assets are people. When a better offer comes along or things get dicey, it’s rational for these high-earners to defect. Staying put could mean they end up receiving a lower profit share or are left on the hook financially if the firm collapses. This paper by Yale Law professor John Morley, comparing the self-reinforcing dynamic to a bank run, is an excellent explainer of what can go wrong.

与英国不同,美国律师不能被竞业禁止协议阻止跳槽到另一家事务所(这一规定现在或许值得重新审视)。

Unlike in the UK, American lawyers can’t be barred by non-compete agreements from jumping to another firm (a stipulation that might now be worth revisiting).

多年来已发生多起知名律师事务所倒闭案例,还有几起仅因与其他事务所合并才得以避免。(韦莱也曾试图寻找合并伙伴,但与威尔基·法尔和加拉格尔律师事务所的谈判未果。)但与2012年杜威·勒博夫律师事务所的倒闭不同——后者因大举招聘而背负过重债务——韦莱的衰落并非源于财务上的鲁莽。据报道,该所去年收入超过20亿美元,没有债务,除物业租赁外几乎没有其他负债。

There have been several high-profile law firm implosions over the years and several more were avoided only via combinations with other firms. (Weil, too, tried to find a merger partner, but its talks with Willkie Farr & Gallagher were unsuccessful.) But unlike the failure of Dewey & LeBoeuf in 2012, which went on a hiring spree that left it saddled with too much debt, Weil’s downfall isn’t due to financial recklessness. It brought in more than $2 billion in revenue last year and reportedly has no debt and few liabilities besides property leases.

回顾法律行业的“剧烈动荡”,威嘉律师事务所联席管理合伙人乔纳森·索勒9月对《金融时报》表示,他认为该行业这种跳槽动态“未必健康”。

Reflecting on the “significant churn” in the legal industry, Weil’s Co-Managing Partner Jonathon Soler told the Financial Times in September he doesn’t believe the industry’s job hopping dynamic is “necessarily healthy.”

他说得没错,但通过挖人来扩充实力实在难以抗拒,因为这是防止自身被出走的创收能手动摇的最佳防御手段。威嘉在参与人才争夺战方面行动较慢,直到很晚才意识到自己需要扩大规模并调整薪酬体系。“一些人曾经珍视的同僚情谊变成了弱点,”威嘉的一位前律师告诉我。“这非常令人遗憾。”过去几年,大型律所已不再按资历向顾问支付薪酬,而是将薪酬更多地与个人业绩挂钩,导致律所内部的薪酬差距加大。

He’s right, but it’s hard to resist bulking up by poaching staff as it’s the best defense against being destabilized by one’s own rainmakers leaving. Weil was slower to engage in the talent wars and only belatedly realized it needed to get bigger and rejigger its compensation system. “The collegiality that was valued by some became a weakness,” a former Weil lawyer tells me. “It’s a huge shame.”Over the past few years Big Law has moved away from paying counsel according to seniority and has instead orientated compensation more towards an individual’s results, leading to greater disparities within firms.

“吃多少打多少”模式有利于表现最突出的人,尤其是那些服务私募股权巨头的律师。他们的客户在复杂的法律事务上往往不会斤斤计较,而且这些客户的交易和金融工程为他们创造了大量工作。

The “eat-what-you-kill” model benefits top performers, particularly those serving the titans of private equity. Their clients tend not to penny pinch on complex legal matters and they create masses of work from their transactions and financial engineering.

但这种明星文化让律所变得更加不稳定:许多律师在晋升为合伙人后不再终身留在原所,而是跳槽到出价最高的律所。而当他们离开时,其团队和客户也可能随之流失。(在某些类型的法律业务中,客户关系倾向于与律所本身建立,但在私募股权领域,个人关系更为重要。)挖角是有代价的——会导致律所凝聚力和共同目标的丧失。

But this star culture has made law firms even more unstable: Many lawyers no longer stay at their firm for life after making partner; they jump ship to the highest bidder. And when they depart, the danger is that their teams and clients defect too. (In some kinds of legal work client relationships tend to be with the law firm itself, but in private equity individual relationships matter more.) The poaching has a cost — a loss of firm cohesion and shared purpose.

看看去年发生的事:特朗普政府针对知名律所,吊销安全许可,并威胁客户将失去政府合同。保罗·韦斯(Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison)在解释为何达成和解时表示,竞争对手试图利用这一局势挖走其人才和客户,危及律所生存。当时其关于生存危机的警告似乎有些言过其实,但在韦尔(Weil)迅速解散后,这种警告不再显得夸张。

Look at what happened last year, when President Donald Trump’s administration targeted prominent law firms, revoking security clearances and threatening clients with the loss of government contracts. Explaining why it cut a deal, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison said rivals were trying to exploit the situation to lure away its talent and clients, risking the firm’s survival. Its existential warning seemed a bit overblown at the time, but after Weil’s swift dissolution it no longer feels that way.

的确,律所试图激励同事间的合作,确保个人不垄断客户关系。保罗·韦斯就是那些试图通过限制合伙人了解同行薪酬(即所谓的“黑箱薪酬制”)来缓解金钱矛盾的律所之一。

It’s true that law firms try to incentivize collegiality and ensure individuals don’t hoard client relationships. And Paul, Weiss is among the firms that have sought to ease tensions over money by limiting their partners’ ability to know what peers are paid (so-called black-box compensation).

柯克兰·艾利斯(Kirkland & Ellis)更进一步,停止公开披露其平均每位权益合伙人利润,此前该数据一直被纳入《美国律师》(The American Lawyer)的年度排名中。

Kirkland & Ellis is taking this a step further by ceasing publicly disclosing its average profits per equity partner, which until now have been included in The American Lawyer’s annual rankings.

但很难调和高昂费用、频繁跳槽和财务不透明如何能造福客户,尤其是在人工智能让更多繁琐法律任务变得容易得多的背景下。

But it’s hard to reconcile how high fees, job-hopping and financial opacity benefit customers, particularly as artificial intelligence is making more humdrum legal tasks much easier.

这将责任推给了客户,要求他们抵制过高的法律账单,并询问其律师是否真的有必要跳槽。否则,他们可能会发现,那些多年来忠实满足其法律需求的律所突然不复存在。

That puts the onus on clients to push back on excessive legal bills and ask whether their counsel really needs to jump ship. Otherwise, they might find firms that have faithfully served their legal needs for years suddenly cease to exist.

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