法院文件在托德·约瑟夫·欧文（Todd Joseph Irving）的指控被撤销后公开，详细说明了调查性遗传谱系学如何引导警方找到证人，这些证人提供了导致数十年旧谋杀案逮捕的证据。（iStock）警告：本文包含令人不安的细节。
Court documents made public after the charges against Todd Joseph Irving were dropped detail how investigative genetic genealogy led police to witnesses who would provide the evidence that led to an arrest in the decades-old murder case. (iStock) WARNING: This story contains disturbing details.
当夏洛特敦警方首次宣布在一起备受关注的冷案中取得突破时，他们将功劳归于调查性遗传谱系学，称其帮助确定了一名嫌疑人。新公开的法院文件进一步揭示了警方如何将目光投向了这名被指控一级谋杀的男子，而本月早些时候，该案的所有指控均已被撤销。
When Charlottetown police first announced a break in a high-profile cold case, they credited investigative genetic genealogy with helping identify a suspect. Newly released court documents shed more light on how police set their sights on the man who was charged with first-degree murder before all charges in the case were dropped earlier this month.
拜伦·卡（Byron Carr）于1988年11月12日在其家中被发现死亡。这位36岁的教师被一条毛巾勒死，并被一把厨房刀刺伤。卡的钱包不见了，一支熄灭的烟头被放在他的肚脐里，卧室墙上写着“我还会再杀人”。
Byron Carr was found dead in his home on Nov. 12, 1988. The 36-year-old teacher had been strangled with a towel and stabbed with a kitchen knife. Carr's wallet was missing, an extinguished cigarette butt had been placed in his navel, and the words "I will kill again" were written on the bedroom wall.
爱德华王子岛（P.E.I.）的一起冷案为何在即将开庭前土崩瓦解？
How did a P.E.I. cold case fall apart just before it was set to go to trial?
直到2024年，托德·约瑟夫·欧文才被逮捕并被指控一级谋杀和干涉人类遗体。他在两项指控均被检方撤销之前曾认罪不成立。
It wasn't until 2024 that Todd Joseph Irving was arrested and charged with first-degree murder and interfering with human remains. He pleaded not guilty before both charges were withdrawn by the Crown.
在指控被撤销后公开的法院文件详细说明了调查性遗传谱系学如何引导警方找到了证人，而非嫌疑人，这些证人在30多年后提供了导致警方逮捕的证据。
Court documents made public after the charges were dropped detail how investigative genetic genealogy led police not to their suspect, but to witnesses who more than 30 years later would provide the evidence that led them to make an arrest.
卡于1988年11月11日凌晨最后一次在夏洛特敦市中心被人看到。当晚早些时候，他曾与朋友在帕特玫瑰与灰房（Pat's Rose and Grey Room）一家当时位于夏洛特敦的酒吧外出。
Carr was last seen in downtown Charlottetown in the early morning hours of Nov. 11, 1988. Earlier that night, he'd been out with friends at Pat's Rose and Grey Room, a Charlottetown bar at the time.
一名邻居告诉警方，她在11月11日晚上9点左右看到两名男子从卡的后院逃跑。他的尸体在第二天早上被发现。
A neighbour told police she saw two men fleeing from Carr's backyard at about 9 p.m. on Nov. 11. His body was found the following morning.
根据尸检报告，死因是机械性窒息，发现于卡腹部的刀是在他已经死亡之后插入的。
According to an autopsy report, the cause of death was mechanical asphyxia and the knife found in Carr's abdomen was inserted after he was already dead.
拜伦·卡尔于1988年11月12日在家中被发现死亡。这名36岁的教师被一条毛巾勒死，并被一把厨房刀刺伤。（家庭照片）警方长期表示，他们相信卡尔是在一场最初是自愿的性行为中被杀害的，凶手最初逃离，但几小时后带着一名同伙返回，布置现场：拿走卡尔的钱包，在墙上涂写信息，并刺伤他。现场最终发现了三个DNA图谱：男性1，其DNA从发现于卡尔肚脐中的烟蒂、从身体上采集的拭子，以及从发现于尸体下方床单内的一条内裤中提取。
Byron Carr was found dead in his home on Nov. 12, 1988. The 36-year-old teacher had been strangled with a towel and stabbed with a kitchen knife. (Family photo) Police have long said they believed Carr was killed during what began as a consensual sexual encounter and that the killer initially fled but returned hours later with an accomplice to stage the scene: taking Carr's wallet, scrawling the message on the wall and stabbing him. Three DNA profiles were eventually found at the scene: Male 1, whose DNA was extracted from the cigarette butt found in Carr's navel, from swabs taken from the body, and from a pair of underwear found wrapped in the bedding underneath the body.
女性1，其DNA也在卡尔尸体下方的内裤上被发现。根据文件，该女性从未被确认身份。
Female 1, whose DNA was also found on the underwear beneath Carr's body. That female has never been identified, according to the documents.
男性2，其DNA在一双袜子上被发现，这双袜子在2009年被送去分析时，位于卡尔厨房的垃圾桶上方。根据文件，当时“罪犯常用袜子防止留下指纹”是“警察的常识”。
Male 2, whose DNA was found on a pair of socks that had been on top of the trash can in Carr's kitchen after they were sent for analysis in 2009. According to the documents, it was "common police knowledge" that socks were used by perpetrators at the time to prevent leaving fingerprints.
直到2023年5月，根据多份在2026年作为欧文申请保释的一部分提交的文件，包括一份同意事实陈述，警方表示，男性2图谱的提供者得益于调查性遗传家谱学被确认身份。
It wasn't until May of 2023 that — according to multiple documents submitted in 2026 as part of Irving's application to be released on bail, including an agreed statement of facts — police say the contributor of Male 2's profile was identified thanks to investigative genetic genealogy.
欧文被捕时，警方表示，他们还逮捕了一名第二名嫌疑人，该人被讯问后未被指控就被释放。根据同一份同意事实陈述，那个人就是在袜子上发现DNA的男子。CBC新闻不公布他的姓名，因为他未被指控犯罪。35年后，DNA证据导致爱德华王子岛冷案提起一级谋杀指控遗传家谱学是拜伦·卡尔谋杀案调查的关键。它是如何运作的CBC News审查的众多法庭文件中均未提及涉嫌共犯，也没有迹象表明警方认为“男性2”参与其中。
At the time of Irving's arrest, police said they'd also arrested a second suspect who had been interviewed and released without being charged. According to that same agreed statement of facts, that was the man whose DNA was found on the socks. CBC News is not naming him because he hasn't been charged with a crime. After 35 years, DNA evidence leads to 1st-degree murder charge in P.E.I. cold case Genetic genealogy was key to the Byron Carr homicide investigation. Here's how it works There's no mention of a suspected accomplice in any of the many court documents reviewed by CBC News, and there's no indication police believe Male 2 was involved.
根据2013年接受CBC News采访时的说法，警方当时表示，他们相信已确定在谋杀发生大约12小时后返回协助布置现场的人，但此人在被确定前数年就已去世。警方未公布其姓名。
According to a 2013 interview with CBC News, police said at that time they believed they had identified the person who returned to help stage the scene roughly 12 hours after the murder, but that person died years before he was identified. Police did not release his name.
但“男性2”当时在Pat's Rose and Grey Room工作，根据包括概述检方理论的审前提交文件在内的多份文件，警方相信“男性1”会出现在在Pat's Rose and Grey Room工作或与其有关联的人群中。
But Male 2 did work at Pat's Rose and Grey Room at the time, and according to multiple documents including a pre-trial submission outlining the Crown's theory, police believed that Male 1 would be found in the group of people who either worked at or were connected to Pat's Rose and Grey Room.
这一直觉使他们找到了一名在1980年代在该酒吧工作的证人，该证人称记得与托德·约瑟夫·欧文（Todd Joseph Irving，曾用姓氏加兰特）一起工作。该证人表示，他看到一则新闻报道，报道中展示了卡（Byron Carr）卧室墙上留下的笔迹，并指出该笔迹与欧文的相似。
That hunch led them to a witness who worked at the bar in the 1980s and said he remembered working with Todd Joseph Irving, who used to use the last name Gallant. That witness said he saw a news broadcast that showed the handwriting left on the wall of Carr's bedroom and noted that it was similar to Irving's.
检方理论写道：“[该证人]将被告描述为一个‘体格强壮且暴力的年轻人，吹嘘’通过‘搭讪男同性恋者并殴打他们’来实施‘同性恋者暴行’。”
"[That witness] described the accused as a 'strongly built and violent young man who bragged' about engaging in 'gay bashing' by picking up gay men and beating them up," reads the Crown's theory.
另一份作为2025年法庭听证会一部分提交的共同事实陈述写道：“托德·加兰特告诉[该证人]，他会在夜间遇到男同性恋者，与他们一起前往偏僻地区，然后殴打他们。”
"Todd Gallant told [the witness] that he would meet gay men at night, go with them to a secluded area and then beat them up," reads a separate agreed statement of facts submitted as part of a 2025 court hearing.
拜伦·卡（Byron Carr）卧室的墙上写着“我还会再杀人”的字样。（夏洛特敦警察局）根据检方理论，这次采访使警方获得了据称包含欧文笔迹的文件，调查人员得出结论认为，该文件与犯罪现场墙上留下的信息之间存在“显著相似之处”，包括字母“i”上的圆圈，以及字母“a”和“g”。
The words 'I will kill again' were written on the wall of Byron Carr's bedroom. (Charlottetown Police Services) According to the Crown's theory, that interview led police to obtain documents they say contained Irving's handwriting, and investigators concluded there were "striking similarities" between that document and the message left on the wall at the crime scene, "including the circle over the letter 'i,' and the letters 'a' and 'g.'"
根据2025年提交的事实陈述，警方得知，在卡尔被杀后的几年里，欧文离开了爱德华王子岛，先后在德克萨斯州和阿肯色州生活，于2022年返回该岛。DNA“极有可能”与男性1匹配文件接着称，在比较笔迹样本几周后，调查人员从欧文车道尽头的黑色垃圾桶中缴获了两袋垃圾，并将几件物品——四个烟头和两个咖啡杯——送去进行DNA分析。
Police learned that Irving had left P.E.I. in the years after Carr was killed, living in Texas and Arkansas before returning to the Island in 2022, according to the 2025 agreed statement of facts. DNA had a 'high probability' of being a match to Male 1 Weeks after comparing the handwriting samples, the document goes on to say, investigators seized two bags of trash from the black bin placed at the end of Irving's driveway and sent several items — four cigarette butts and two coffee cups — for DNA analysis.
根据事实陈述以及CBC新闻审阅的DNA分析文件，2023年10月，这些样本被认定与卡尔尸体上发现的DNA，以及现场留下的烟头和内衣上的DNA极有可能匹配。
In October of 2023, according to the agreed statement of facts and DNA analysis documents reviewed by CBC News, those samples came back as a likely match for the DNA found on Carr's body, as well as the cigarette butt and underwear left at the scene.
“通过进一步调查，警方确定被告人的DNA与男性1特征极有可能匹配，”检方的理论写道。“特别是，确定无关联的白种人群体成员拥有相同特征的概率为45万亿分之一。”
"Through further investigation, police determined the accused's DNA had a high probability of being a match to the Male 1 profile," reads the Crown's theory. "In particular, the chances of an unrelated member of the Caucasian population sharing the same profile was determined to be 1 in 45 trillion."
根据2026年作为欧文保释申请的一部分提交的几份文件，被认定为男性2的男子否认参与卡尔的死亡，但在接受警方采访时表示，他认识欧文，并将其描述为“当时是个强壮的‘傻乎乎’的小伙子”。根据作为保释申请一部分提交的警方采访记录，欧文的姐姐将这两人描述为朋友。
According to several documents filed in 2026 as part of Irving's bail application, the man identified as Male 2 denied any involvement in Carr's death but when interviewed by police said he knew Irving and described him as "a strong 'goofy' kid at the time of the murder." According to a transcript of a police interview filed as part of the bail application, Irving's sister described the two men as friends.
警方长期表示，他们相信卡尔在其拉普索恩大道的家中被杀害，事件始于一场自愿的性行为，凶手最初逃离，但数小时后带着同伙返回以布置现场。（CBC）根据检方的理论，据信男性2的袜子被取走，用于在卡尔已经死亡后布置现场时避免留下指纹。
Police have long said they believed Carr was killed in his Lapthorne Avenue home during what began as a consensual sexual encounter and that the killer initially fled but returned hours later with an accomplice to stage the scene. (CBC) According to the Crown's theory, it's believed Male 2's socks were taken and used to avoid leaving fingerprints when the scene was staged, after Carr was already dead.
检方在保释听证会期间提交的文件写道：“预计[男性2]将作证称，他在受害者死亡前后那段时间收留了申请人[欧文]。当时申请人经济拮据，会借衣服穿，并经常去[男性2]家里。”
"It is anticipated that [Male 2] will testify that he took the Applicant [Irving] under his wing around the time of the victim's death," reads a submission from the Crown filed during the bail hearings. "The Applicant was, at that time, a man of very limited means who would borrow clothes and would regularly visit [Male 2]'s home."
根据欧文保释申请中于2026年5月提交的一份宣誓书，欧文的辩方主张，针对他的案件基于间接证据，没有直接证人将他与卡尔的死亡联系起来。宣誓书接着说，欧文的辩方并不质疑本案中的DNA证据。
According to an affidavit filed in May of 2026 as part of his bail application, Irving's defense argues the case against him was based on circumstantial evidence and no direct witnesses connected him with Carr's death. The affidavit goes on to say that Irving's defence didn't dispute the DNA evidence in the case.
宣誓书写道：“我的法律顾问告知我，且我相信属实，在受害者尸体上发现了与我的基因图谱相符的DNA。这并不意味着我杀害了卡尔先生，也不意味着我干扰了他的尸体。”
"I have been informed by my legal counsel and believe it to be true that DNA matching my genetic profile is located on the victim's body," the affidavit reads. "That does not mean I killed Mr. Carr or that I interfered with his body."
警方指控在1988年谋杀拜伦·卡尔的男子如今已获释。以下是事情的经过10月13日 | 时长 7:20 托德·约瑟夫·欧文周二走进法庭，面临1988年杀害爱德华王子岛教师拜伦·卡尔的一级谋杀和干扰人类遗骸指控。经过两分钟的聆讯，他作为自由人走出了法庭，因为检方撤销了所有指控，原因是警方丢失了关键证据。CBC记者韦恩·蒂博多为您解读。
The man police accused of murdering Byron Carr in 1988 is now free. Here's what happened October 13|Duration 7:20Todd Joseph Irving walked into court Tuesday facing charges of first-degree murder and interfering with human remains in the 1988 killing of P.E.I. teacher Byron Carr. After a two-minute hearing, he walked out a free man after the Crown dropped all the charges because the police lost crucial evidence. CBC's Wayne Thibodeau explains.
宣誓书接着质疑检方的理论，即卡尔是在自愿性行为过程中被杀害的。
The affidavit goes on to question the Crown's theory that Carr was killed during a consensual sexual encounter.
宣誓书写道：“我的理解是，检方的相关理论认为卡尔先生是在性行为过程中被杀害的。我不认为这必然能够成立。”
"My understanding is that the Crown's theory in relation is that Mr. Carr was killed during the sexual encounter. I do not believe this can necessarily be established," the affidavit reads.
宣誓书接着说：“我将指出检方理论存在的问题，以表明我卷入此事并非确定或注定的。”
"I would point out issues with the Crown's theory to show that my involvement in this matter is not certain or predetermined," the affidavit goes on to say.
宣誓书还主张，多年来，警方收到的四条独立线索分别指认笔迹属于其他四名嫌疑人。
The affidavit goes on to argue that over the years, four separate tips to police identified the handwriting as belonging to four other suspects.
“墙上字迹的作者是谁，这是一个可审理的问题，因为公众显然认为这些字迹是[可能]由其他人写的。”拜伦·卡尔谋杀案指控被撤销后，已下令进行独立审查爱德华王子岛的一桩冷案在即将开庭审理前为何瓦解？
"It is a triable issue as to who is the author of the handwriting on the wall as clearly members of the public view the handwriting as [possibly] written by other people." Independent review ordered into Byron Carr murder investigation after charges dropped How did a P.E.I. cold case fall apart just before it was set to go to trial?
最终，所有证据都不会在庭审中接受检验。就在案件即将开庭的数周前，检方宣布撤销对欧文的所有指控，原因是夏洛特敦警方丢失了与案件相关的大量实物证据。
Ultimately, none of the evidence will be tested at trial. Weeks before the case was set to go to trial, the Crown announced that all charges against Irving had been dropped because Charlottetown police lost substantial physical evidence connected to the case.
在7月的一场保释听证会上，披露出现场发现的刀和用来勒死卡尔的毛巾均已丢失。
At a bail hearing in July, it was revealed that both the knife found at the scene and the towel used to strangle Carr were missing.
警方表示，他们早在2007年就知道实物证据丢失，但相信DNA证据已经足够。
Police have said they knew as far back as 2007 that physical evidence was missing, but believed the DNA evidence would be enough.
检方表示，直到7月的保释听证会才知道有证据丢失，并且不再有信心能够获得定罪。
The Crown said it didn't know about any missing evidence until that July bail hearing, and was no longer confident it could secure a conviction.