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佛罗里达州古巴裔对特朗普和共和党态度动摇Cubans in Florida waver on Trump and Republicans

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伊斯梅尔·拉布拉多尔把票投给了特朗普,但他说,驱逐行动的规模让他“措手不及”。Ismael Labrador voted for Trump - but he says he was "blindsided" by scale of deportations

BBC记者威尔·格兰特撰文称,特朗普总统的共和党同僚可能会在投票箱前承受古巴裔选民愤怒的冲击。

President Trump's Republican colleagues may feel the brunt of frustration among Cubans at the ballot box, writes the BBC's Will Grant.

文/威尔·格兰特 自特朗普政府两年前发起针对无证移民的打击行动以来,古巴裔移民律师伊斯梅尔·拉布拉多位于迈阿密的办公室等候区从未空过。他的预约表排满了被拘留移民的亲属,他们试图在亲人被遣返回原籍国前争取释放。尽管生意兴隆,拉布拉多却希望并非如此。

By Will Grant Since the Trump administration launched its crackdown on undocumented immigrants two years ago, the waiting room of Cuban-born immigration lawyer, Ismael Labrador, in Miami is never empty. His appointment book is packed with relatives of detained immigrants trying to secure their release before they're deported back to their countries of origin. Although business is booming, Labrador wishes it wasn't.

他解释说:“我们有亲戚正生活在恐惧之中,遗憾的是,我们也有亲戚已被遣返回古巴。”

"We have relatives living in fear right now, we've had relatives who have been deported back to Cuba, unfortunately," he explains.

拉布拉多表示,根据20世纪60年代颁布的《古巴调整法》相关条款,古巴人在美国传统上享有优惠的移民身份。但移民与海关执法局(ICE)特工在佛罗里达州的大规模逮捕行动,让古巴裔美国人社区陷入了他们从未想象过的脆弱境地。

Cubans have traditionally enjoyed favoured immigration status in the United States under provisions enshrined in 1960s-era legislation called the Cuban Adjustment Act. But widespread arrests across Florida by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents have left the Cuban American community more vulnerable in the US than they'd ever imagined, says Labrador.

他说:“我是这样说的,如果你在美国没有绿卡,你可能就会成为目标。”无数手机视频记录了此类逮捕发生在以前被视为禁区的地方:家长在校门口、公交车站、青少年体育赛事现场,甚至在预定好的移民听证会上、法院内部被捕。

"The way I put it is that if you don't have a Green Card in the United States, you may be a target." Countless mobile phone videos have recorded such arrests in places previously considered off-limits: parents detained outside schoolyards, at bus stops, youth sporting events and even inside courthouses at pre-arranged immigration hearings.

鲜有视频能像厄瓜多尔裔移民格蕾丝·卡莱罗(Grace Calero,39岁)及其19岁女儿朱莉安娜·卡里尔(Giulianna Carriel)在病房被捕的画面那样产生巨大影响。

Few have had the impact of the footage of 39-year-old Ecuadorean immigrant, Grace Calero, and her 19-year-old daughter, Giulianna Carriel, being arrested in a hospital ward.

两个月前,母女俩在佛罗里达州中部基西米开车上班途中遭另一车辆撞击,被救护车送往医院。在她们接受伤情治疗时,ICE特工闯入病房将其逮捕。数日内,她们被遣返回厄瓜多尔。

Two months ago, the pair were driving to work in Kissimmee, central Florida when they were hit by another car and taken to hospital in an ambulance. While they were being treated for their injuries, ICE agents burst in and arrested them. They were deported back to Ecuador within days.

拉布拉多的堂兄弟也被卷入了美国移民与海关执法局(ICE)的大规模拘捕行动。尽管这位移民律师竭尽全力,仍未能阻止自己的亲戚被遣返回古巴。“当你在对抗大量资源时,这很难,”他感叹道。

Labrador's cousin has also been caught up in the dragnet of ICE detentions. Despite his best efforts, the immigration lawyer was unable to prevent his own relative from being deported back to Cuba. "It's hard when you're fighting against a lot of resources," he laments.

特朗普政府一再表示,总统当选时承诺实施大规模驱逐,并正在兑现这一承诺。“他制止了我国遭受的入侵,由于他的政策,已有超过300万非法外国人离开美国,”白宫一位女发言人上周对BBC表示。

The Trump administration has repeatedly said the president was elected on a promise to deliver mass deportations and is delivering on that. "He stopped the invasion of our country and as a result of his policies more than 3 million illegal aliens have left the US," a White House spokeswoman told the BBC last week.

与此同时,ICE表示,其执法目标是任何违反美国移民法、非法滞留在美国的人。指南:什么是美国中期选举?

ICE, meanwhile, has said it is targeting anyone who has broken American immigration law and is in the country illegally. GUIDE: What are the US midterms?

深度报道:美国年轻政客如此之少的真实原因 探索:美国中期选举的胜负手在哪里 核实:特朗普执政下美国经济真实表现如何 两年前,拉布拉多是佛罗里达州68%投票给唐纳德·特朗普的古巴裔美国人之一,他如今对这一决定深感后悔。

IN DEPTH: The real reasons there are so few young US politicians EXPLORE: Where the US midterms will be won and lost VERIFY: How the US economy is really doing under Trump Labrador was among the 68% of Cuban Americans in Florida who voted for Donald Trump two years ago, a decision he roundly regrets today.

没人能指责特朗普在移民问题上隐瞒计划。2024年竞选期间,他大肆宣扬其大规模驱逐无证移民的政策。

Few could accuse Trump of hiding his plans on immigration. On the campaign trail in 2024, he touted his policy of mass deportations of undocumented migrants.

“第一天,我将启动美国历史上最大规模的驱逐计划,”他在包括佛罗里达州在内的多场集会上反复说道。

"On Day One, I will launch the largest deportation programme in American history", he said repeatedly at rallies, including in Florida.

拉布拉多——以及成千上万像他一样感到幻灭的拉美裔选民——原以为政府只会驱逐有犯罪记录的人。“我认为我们被政府蒙蔽了,”他辩称。

Labrador – and many thousands of disillusioned Latino voters like him – thought the administration would only deport people with criminal records. "I think we got blindsided by the administration," he argues.

“就我个人而言,我投票给特朗普是因为我想把罪犯赶出这个国家,”他说,并指称“拜登执政期间共产主义者从古巴涌入。”

"Personally, I voted for Trump because I wanted to get criminals out of the country," he says, alleging that "communists came in from Cuba under Biden."

“我们想要一个安全的美国。我们从未想过他会针对所有人。”“这不是我投票支持的,”他坚持道。

"We wanted to have a safe America. We never thought that he was going to go after everybody." "This isn't what I voted for," he insists.

拉布拉多远非佛罗里达州唯一对特朗普总统感到“买后悔”的古巴裔美国人。

Labrador is far from the only Cuban American in Florida to experience buyer's remorse over President Trump.

佛罗里达州第27国会选区联邦众议员玛丽亚·埃尔维拉·萨拉查最近发布了一段在白宫外拍摄的视频,她在视频中与特朗普的驱逐政策划清界限,称其已走得“太远”。

Congresswoman Maria Elvira Salazar, who represents Florida's 27th Congressional district, recently released a video filmed outside the White House in which she distanced herself from his deportation policy saying it had gone "too far".

“帮助你在2024年进入白宫的那些西班牙裔,今天感到被背叛了,”她对着特朗普总统说道。

"The same Hispanics who helped you get to the White House in 2024 feel betrayed today," she said, addressing President Trump.

萨拉查正与另一位古巴裔美国人、民主党候选人埃利奥特·罗德里格斯陷入胶着竞争。她在移民问题上与特朗普的紧密关联可能让萨拉查失去众议员席位。

Salazar is locked in a tight race against another Cuban American, the Democratic Party's candidate, Eliott Rodríguez. Her close association with Trump on immigration could potentially cost Salazar her congressional seat.

佛罗里达州仍是特朗普的大本营。在迈阿密最近举行的一次古巴裔企业家聚会上,气氛依然坚定地支持特朗普。“迈阿密爱特朗普,古巴裔美国人爱特朗普,”房地产商人胡安·奥马尔·西克托说道,并指了指身后的其他与会者。

Florida remains a Trump stronghold. At a recent gathering of Cuban American entrepreneurs in Miami, the atmosphere remained staunchly pro-Trump. "Miami loves Trump, Cuban Americans love Trump," says real estate businessman, Juan Omar Sixto, motioning at the other guests behind him.

“他们同意特朗普的观点,认为任何非法越境者都应该被驱逐出境,”他说,尽管他承认自己六十年前也曾非法入境美国。

"They agree with Trump that anyone who crossed the border illegally should be out," he says, despite acknowledging he illegally entered the US himself six decades earlier.

佛罗里达国际大学周四发布的一项民调显示,并非所有南佛罗里达古巴裔都持相同看法——76%的人表示不赞成特朗普政府驱逐无犯罪记录的古巴人。但他们对共和党的支持依然坚定,68%的人表示计划在11月投票给共和党。在该国其他地区,拉美裔对特朗普的支持率正在下降。

A poll released on Thursday by Florida International University found that not all South Florida Cubans agree - 76% said they disapprove of the Trump administration's deportations of Cubans with no criminal record. But their support for the Republican Party remains steadfast, with 68% saying they plan to vote Republican in November. In other parts of the country, support amongst Latinos is declining.

在上届大选中,特朗普以56.1%对43%的得票率击败卡玛拉·哈里斯——这是自1988年以来佛罗里达州总统候选人最大的胜选优势——部分归功于拉美裔社区的支持。但美国全国广播公司新闻部/西班牙语电视网Telemundo最近对8000名拉美裔登记选民的民调显示,近60%的人倾向于让国会由民主党控制,仅35%的人希望共和党获胜。

In the last election, Trump beat Kamala Harris by 56.1% to 43% - the biggest margin of victory for a candidate in the state since 1988 - in part because of the support of Latino communities. But a recent NBC News/Telemundo poll of 8,000 registered Latino voters showed nearly 60% favour seeing Congress come under Democratic Party control to just 35% wanting a Republican victory.

高昂的生活成本是民众不满的一个重要因素,居民们觉得超市和汽油价格高得让工薪家庭难以承受。

The high cost of living is a big factor for people's discontent, as residents feel supermarket and petrol prices are impossibly high for working families.

但对许多西班牙裔来说,这也部分源于像海迪·桑切斯这样的故事。

But for many Hispanics, it's also partly because of stories like Heydi Sanchez's.

2019年,随着古巴陷入经济崩溃,桑切斯离开古巴,非法从墨西哥越境进入美国。在拘留中心被关押九个月后,她根据I-220B监管令获释,该命令赋予其留美权利,但也伴随着随时面临驱逐的威胁。

Sanchez left Cuba in 2019 as the island spiralled into economic collapse and illegally crossed the border from Mexico into the US. After nine months in a detention centre, she was released under an i-220B Order of Supervision which grants the right to remain in the US but carries the constant threat of deportation.

海迪·桑切斯被驱逐到古巴,与她年幼的女儿分离。Heydi Sanchez was deported to Cuba and separated from her young daughter

桑切斯在坦帕定居,从事自闭症儿童和老年人的护理工作。在经历了一场复杂且昂贵的求子过程后,她和丈夫有了一个名叫凯琳的女儿。

Sanchez settled in Tampa where she worked with autistic children and the elderly. After a complex and expensive fertility struggle, she and her husband had a baby girl called Kailyn.

大多数I-220B持有者试图通过“人道主义假释”使其移民身份合法化,并须定期按预约与美国移民与海关执法局(ICE)特工报到。去年,特朗普总统撤销了约30万古巴人的临时人道主义假释。当桑切斯原本定期的ICE报到会议在毫无预警的情况下被提前时,她意识到自己的案子出了问题。

Most i-220B holders try to normalise their immigration status via 'humanitarian parole' and must check in with ICE agents at regular scheduled appointments. Last year, President Trump revoked temporary humanitarian parole to about 300,000 Cubans. Sanchez knew something was wrong in her case when her regular ICE meeting was brought forward without warning.

在报到会上,她被拘留。凯琳从她怀中被带走,交给了身为美国公民的父亲。一天之内,桑切斯便被戴着镣铐送上遣返航班飞回哈瓦那,且没有任何上诉渠道。

At the appointment, she was detained. Kailyn was taken from her arms and passed to her father, a US citizen. Within a day, Sanchez was on a deportation flight back to Havana in shackles with no recourse to appeal.

我在古巴见到了她,她现在住在哈瓦那郊外马亚贝克省(Mayabeque)一个农村地区的一居室公寓里。“天塌下来把我压垮了”,她形容与女儿分离的感受。

I met her in Cuba where she now lives in a one-bed apartment in Mayabeque, a rural province outside Havana. "It's like the sky fell in and crushed me", she says of being separated from her daughter.

“视频通话时,她说:‘妈妈,回家吧。’我只能说:‘宝贝,妈妈在外面工作。’我还能跟她说什么?我该怎么向她解释呢?”,桑切斯问道,泪水夺眶而出。

"When we have video calls, she says: 'Mummy, come home.' And I say: 'darling, Mummy is away working.' What else can I tell her? How can I explain it?'", Sanchez asks, unable to hold back the tears.

尽管包括玛丽亚·埃尔维拉·萨拉查在内的多位美国政界人士表达了支持,但自她被驱逐已过去一年多,桑切斯在古巴依然处于困境之中。

Despite expressions of support from several US politicians, including Maria Elvira Salazar, more than a year has passed since her deportation and Sanchez remains in limbo in Cuba.

ICE在一份声明中表示:“在本案中,该父母表示希望在不带孩子的情况下被遣返,并将孩子留在了美国一位安全亲属的照料下。”

In a statement, ICE said that "in this case, the parent stated they wanted to be removed without the child and left the child in the care of a safe relative in the United States".

特朗普政府在削减古巴人特殊移民特权的同时,已将数千人遣返至华盛顿自己称之为“失败国家”的岛屿。古巴正处于有史以来最严重的能源危机之中,原因是美国实施的长达数月的燃料封锁。

While the Trump Administration has rolled back Cubans' special immigration privileges, it has sent thousands of people back to an island Washington itself describes as a "failed state". Cuba is in the grip of its worst ever energy crisis amid a months-long fuel blockade imposed by the US.

在2024年大选中,佛罗里达州的古巴裔选民几乎全票支持特朗普,他们现在意识到自己与其他侨民一样,同样容易被驱逐。特朗普的共和党同僚可能会在投票箱中感受到他们挫折的冲击。

Since overwhelmingly voting for Trump in 2024, Cubans in Florida now realise they are just as vulnerable to deportation as any other diaspora. His Republican colleagues may feel the brunt of their frustration at the ballot box.

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