一位知名安全分析师表示，马来西亚近期发生的多起校园袭击事件，凸显出一个令人不安的趋势：青少年正加入一个将现实生活中的杀手美化的网络亚文化群体。
Recent school attacks across Malaysia have shone a light on a troubling trend of teenagers joining an online subculture that glamorises real-life killers, according to a prominent security analyst.
吉隆坡安全咨询公司Chasseur Group创始人穆尼拉·穆斯塔法表示，马来西亚学校发生的三起暴力事件——分别发生于10月21日的古晋、7月的万津以及去年10月的万达镇——可能与“真实犯罪社区”（TCC）有关。
Three violent incidents in Malaysian schools – in Kuching on October 21, Banting in July and Bandar Utama in October last year – could be linked to the True Crime Community (TCC), said Munira Mustaffa, founder of Kuala Lumpur-based security consulting firm Chasseur Group.
在古晋的案件中，一名学生直播了自己用斧头袭击教师的画面；而在万津，一名女学生在刺伤同学之前，曾在袭击前发布的TikTok视频中比出“OK”手势。
In the Kuching case, the suspect live-streamed an axe attack on a teacher, while a female student who stabbed her schoolmate in Banting flashed an “OK” hand gesture in a TikTok video posted before the assault.
TCC亚文化通常美化连环杀手和大规模杀人犯——例如1999年美国哥伦拜恩高中屠杀事件——同时向成员灌输一种叙事，即世界对他们充满残酷。据报道，2012年在桑迪胡克小学杀害26人的亚当·兰扎在作案前曾参与网络社区。
The TCC subculture typically glorifies serial killers and mass murderers – such as the 1999 Columbine High School massacre in the United States – while instilling a narrative among members that the world is cruel towards them. Adam Lanza, who murdered 26 people at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012, had reportedly taken part in similar online communities before the killings.
穆尼拉对马来西亚国家新闻社马新社表示：“接触这种亚文化可能会驱使青少年走向厌世和虚无主义的暴力极端主义，这是一种灌输对整个人类和社会的深切仇恨的信仰体系。”
“Exposure to this subculture risks driving teenagers towards misanthropic and nihilistic violent extremism, a belief system that instils deep hatred towards humanity and society as a whole,” Munira told Malaysian state news agency Bernama.
穆尼拉在《马来邮报》发表的一篇评论文章中写道，这一趋势远远超出了马来西亚的国界。她指出，仅今年第二季度菲律宾就发生了三起致命的校园枪击事件，以及8月泰国发生的一起事件——一名14岁少年在向教师和同学开枪之前杀害了自己的祖父母。
The trend went well beyond Malaysia’s borders, Munira wrote in an op-ed published by the Malay Mail. She pointed to three fatal school shootings in the Philippines during the second quarter of this year alone, as well as an August incident in Thailand in which a 14-year-old killed his grandparents before opening fire on teachers and classmates.
TCC——最好理解为围绕大规模杀人犯组织起来的粉丝群体——在去年11月雅加达第72国立高中爆炸案之后在东南亚各地声名狼藉。印尼反恐警察的调查发现，17岁的作案者曾受到该亚文化的影响。
The TCC – best understood as a fandom organised around mass murderers – gained notoriety across Southeast Asia following last November’s bombing at State High School 72 in Jakarta. An investigation by Indonesian counterterrorism police found that the 17-year-old perpetrator had been influenced by the subculture.
穆尼拉说：“表面上看，这些年轻人之间此前并无关联，因为地理距离遥远，社交圈子也各自独立。即便如此，除了年龄之外，他们大多数人还有一个共同点，那就是都声称自己是霸凌的受害者，同时心怀个人仇恨或正经历心理健康危机。”
“On the surface, these youths had no prior connections because of geographical distance and separate social circles,” Munira said. “Even so, apart from their age, what most of them had in common was claims of being victims of bullying, all the while nursing personal vendettas or suffering mental health crises.”
她补充说，他们还有一个共同点：“每个人都曾关注、沉浸于或参与过一种网络亚文化，这种亚文化推崇并崇拜大规模枪击案凶手。TCC剖析并传播暴力内容，以供研究和学习，[其成员]精通该群体的暗语和隐晦暗示。”这些青少年作案者难以被发现，因为他们通常单独行动，动机往往是个人不满，而这种不满升级为对社会的仇恨。
There was also another thing they all shared: “Each has either followed, immersed themselves in or taken part in an online subculture that valorises and adulates mass shooters,” she added. “The TCC dissects and disseminates violent content to study and learn from, [and members] are well-versed in the community’s coded language and dog whistles.”These teenaged offenders were difficult to detect as they usually acted alone, often motivated by personal grievances that escalated into hatred towards society.
“他们精心策划目标、时机和地点，通常针对学校等软目标，”穆尼拉说。“他们发布宣言或直播袭击过程，以吸引其亚文化群体的关注。”9月18日，菲律宾南部南哥打巴托省邦加国立高中发生校园枪击案后，警方证实正在调查此案与该网络的关联。
“They meticulously plan their targets, timing and locations, usually focusing on soft targets such as schools,” Munira said. “They release manifestos or live-stream their attacks to draw the attention of their subculture community.”After a school shooting on September 18 at Banga National High School in the southern Philippine province of South Cotabato, police confirmed they were investigating links to the network.
“嫌疑人……发布了他的宣言，声称自己是真实犯罪社区的成员，”地区警察局长艾伦·博隆贡·马尼博格告诉澳大利亚广播公司。在这份文件中，这名16岁的枪手提到了雅加达学校爆炸案。
“The suspect … posted his manifesto, stating that he is a member of the True Crime Community,” police regional director Alan Bolongon Manibog told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. In the document, the 16-year-old shooter referenced the Jakarta school bombing.
菲律宾网络安全专业人士协会的安赫尔·雷多布尔告诉该广播公司，这一亚文化对菲律宾近期的校园枪击案表示庆祝。
The subculture celebrated the recent Philippine school shootings, Angel Redoble of the Philippine Society of Cyber Security Professionals told the broadcaster.
“每次枪击事件发生后，TikTok等内容平台上都会出现强烈的支持和美化，而真实犯罪社区就活跃在那里，”他说。
“After every shooting, there is strong support and glorification on content platforms like TikTok, where the True Crime Community is,” he said.
穆尼拉表示，如果学校、家长、当局和学生共同努力，校园袭击是可以预防的，尤其是因为青少年在实施计划之前往往会在同龄人中寻求关注。
Munira said school attacks could be prevented if schools, parents, authorities and students worked together, particularly as teenagers often seek attention from their peers before carrying out their plans.
她说：“预防工作需要在学生和老师之间建立高度信任。学生必须感到安全，并相信如果举报朋友的可疑行为，他们不会因此遭到报复。”
“Prevention efforts require a high level of trust between students and teachers. Students must feel safe and confident that they will not face repercussions if they report a friend’s suspicious behaviour,” she said.
“与此同时，老师和家长必须对行为变化和危险信号保持警惕，包括留意孩子在网上与谁交往。”本文由《南华早报》亚洲部撰写
“At the same time, teachers and parents must be alert to behavioural changes and red flags, including monitoring who their children associate with online.”By SCMP’s Asia desk