Getty Images 到2050年，每五个印度人中就有一人年龄超过60岁拉奇塔·普拉萨德（Rachita Prasad） BBC新闻，孟买 2026年10月30日 00:02 GMT常驻雅加达的广告业高管阿里丹·巴塔查里亚（Arindam Bhattacharyya）在2024年经历了一次意想不到的警醒。
Getty Images One in five Indians will be above the age of 60 by 2050 Rachita Prasad BBC News, Mumbai 30 October 2026, 00:02 GMT Arindam Bhattacharyya, an advertising executive based in Jakarta, had an unexpected wake-up call in 2024.
他住在印度加尔各答的父母前来探望他时，父亲突发健康危机。巴塔查里亚设法让父亲得到了医疗救治，但当父母该回去的时候，他面临着一个许多印度人都熟悉的问题——当你无法亲自陪伴在父母身边时，该如何照顾他们？
His parents, based in India's Kolkata city, were visiting him when his father had a health crisis. Bhattacharyya managed to get him medical care but when it was time for them to go back, he faced a question familiar to many Indians - how do you care for your parents when you can't be there in person?
据联合国人口基金（UNFPA）称，2020年至2050年间，全球60岁及以上人口预计将翻一番，达到21亿。印度预计也将呈现同样的趋势——到2050年，每五个印度人中就有一人年龄超过60岁，接近总人口的21%。
Between 2020 and 2050, the number of people aged 60 and above globally is projected to double to 2.1 billion, according to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). India is expected to mirror this - by 2050, one in every five Indians will be above the age of 60, close to 21% of the total population.
联合国人口基金指出，直到几十年前，印度还很少讨论如何照顾老年人，因为人们普遍预期家庭会承担起这一责任。然而，包括联合家庭规模缩小在内的多种因素使情况变得复杂。专家表示，随着年轻人搬离家庭，而支持老年人的社会基础设施又十分有限，这一缺口只会不断扩大。一些人将此视为机遇。
Until a few decades ago, there was little discussion in India on caring for elderly people as the expectation was that families would step in, the UNFPA notes This, however, has been complicated by factors including the shrinking of joint families. As younger people move away from their families, and with limited social infrastructure to support the elderly, a gap is only widening, experts say. Some frame this as an opportunity.
政府智库印度国家转型委员会（NITI Aayog）表示，印度养老产业的价值约为70亿美元（55.6亿英镑）——预计该产业将快速增长，并为医疗保健公司提供巨大机遇。
Government think-tank NITI Aayog says the senior care industry in India is valued at around $7bn (£5.56bn) - it is expected to grow rapidly and offer huge opportunities for healthcare companies.
许多初创企业已经进入这一领域。这些公司正着眼于解决多个领域的问题，包括养老居住、居家护理和技术赋能服务。虽然它们的目标是帮助老年人更独立地生活和养老，但它们的客户往往是这些老年人子女。
Many start-ups are already moving in. These companies are looking to address several areas including senior living, home care and technology-enabled services. While their goal is to help older adults live and age more independently, their customers are often the children of the people they help.
巴塔查里亚说，他现在依靠两家初创企业来监测父母的健康状况、协调护理事宜并安排紧急医疗支持。
Bhattacharyya says he now relies on two start-ups to monitor his parents' health, coordinate care and arrange emergency medical support.
他说：“这些服务帮了大忙，但我（在雅加达）仍然会密切关注一切。”
"These services are a big help but I still monitor everything closely [from Jakarta]," he said.
一个正在升温的领域是机构化养老，主要原因是收入提高和家庭结构变化。但一些专家认为，需求远远超过供给。
An area seeing an uptick is organised senior living, mainly due to higher incomes and changing family structures. But some experts believe that demand is far ahead of supply.
Manasum Senior Living、Primus Senior Living、Ananta Living和Vedaanta Senior Living等公司正在专门为老年人住房和护理建设项目，与此同时，传统房地产开发商也对此表现出日益浓厚的兴趣。
Companies like Manasum Senior Living, Primus Senior Living, Ananta Living and Vedaanta Senior Living are building projects especially for senior housing and care, even as there is growing interest from traditional real estate developers.
房地产管理公司高力国际集团估计，印度目前养老住房需求约为200万至220万套，而可供应的单元仅约2.5万套。
Real estate management firm Colliers International Group estimates current senior living demand at around 2-2.2 million units in India while only around 25,000 units are available.
阿林达姆·巴塔查里亚（右）表示，他借助初创企业的帮助来监测在印度父母的健康状况。阿南塔拉姆·瓦拉尤尔曾是一名科技高管，他创办Manasum Senior Living，是因为他看到印度许多老年人的生活与美国同龄人相比受到诸多限制。
Arindam Bhattacharyya Arindam Bhattacharyya (right) says he monitors his parents' health in India with the help of start-ups Anantharam Varayur, a former tech executive, co-founded Manasum Senior Living after he saw many older people in India living restricted lives compared with their peers in the US.
2015年，他首次在美国一个大型印度社区的活动上设立宣传展位，希望吸引对养老社区概念较为熟悉的年轻印度人关注，但几乎没有人前来咨询——他认为这是因为在印度传统上把老人送进“养老院”会带来“污名”。
In 2015, when he first set up a promotional stall at an event by a large Indian community in the US, hoping to draw interest from younger Indians due to their familiarity with the concept, hardly anyone came to ask questions - he thinks this was due to the "stigma" associated with leaving older family members in an "old age home", as they are traditionally called in India.
但情况已经改变——他的公司已有900套运营单元，主要位于班加罗尔和果阿，并计划到2030年扩大到1万套，其中包括一个豪华项目。
But things have changed - his company already has 900 operational units, mostly in Bengaluru and Goa, and plans to scale up to 10,000 units by 2030, including a luxury project.
他们接到来自子女居住在国外的老年人、有特殊需求成年子女的夫妇、年长单身人士，甚至是为未来做规划的年轻人的咨询。
They get enquiries from senior citizens whose children live abroad, couples with adult children with special needs, older single people, and even younger people planning for the future.
但也有很多老年人更愿意留在自己的家中或公寓里，同时需要支持。
But there are also many older people who prefer staying in their family homes or apartments and need support.
以前，护理员和护士被视为家庭照护者的补充。如今，他们往往承担起主要照护角色。
Earlier, attendants and nurses were seen as an addition to family caregivers. Today, they are often taking on primary caregiving roles.
曾经由小型机构运营、分散且高度本地化的市场，如今正见证提供端到端居家护理服务并利用技术实现规模化扩张的企业崛起。例子包括 Emoha Elder Care Services、Care24 和 KITES Senior Care 等。
What was once a fragmented, hyperlocal market run by small agencies is now seeing the rise of firms that offer end-to-end home-care services and use technology to scale up. Examples include Emoha Elder Care Services, Care24 and KITES Senior Care, among others.
但鉴于护理行业敏感且私密的性质，寻找合适人员并留住他们是一大挑战。
But given the sensitive and intimate nature of the caregiving industry, finding the right personnel and retaining them is a big challenge.
评级机构 CareEdge 的一份报告警告：“未能对劳动力进行充分培训，将导致在需求不断上升的情况下，出现熟练人才的严重短缺。”
"Failure to adequately train the workforce will lead to an acute shortage of skilled people amid rising demand," warns a report by ratings firm CareEdge.
挑战不仅限于技能。护理人员还需要经过彻底审查和专业培训，以支持一个容易遭受欺诈、金融诈骗和其他形式剥削的弱势群体。
The challenge goes beyond skills. Caregivers also need thorough vetting and specialised training to support a demographic that is vulnerable to fraud, financial scams and other forms of exploitation.
国家转型委员会（NITI Aayog）已认识到这一问题，并强调了制定国家护理政策的必要性，以在印度建立一个专业且包容的护理生态系统。
NITI Aayog has recognised this issue and highlighted the need for a national caregiving policy to build a professional and inclusive caregiving ecosystem in India.
Manasum Senior Living 许多养老院会组织文化活动，尤其是在节日期间 企业家们也在寻找方法，以满足客户的社交和情感需求。
Manasum Senior Living Many senior living homes organise cultural activities, especially around festivals Entrepreneurs are also looking at ways to address the social and emotional needs of clients.
2022 年，塔塔集团前任主席拉坦·塔塔（Ratan Tata）对初创企业 Goodfellows 的投资引发了广泛公众关注。该公司的标语解释了其业务——“做孙辈做的一切事！”创始人 Shantanu Naidu 表示，他们不旨在取代家庭，而是通过提供充满活力、富有同理心的青年陪伴者，为老年客户填补空白，陪他们共度美好时光，甚至只是帮他们使用科技产品。
In 2022, former Tata Group chairman Ratan Tata's investment in start-up Goodfellows generated a lot of public interest. The company's tagline explains what it does - "Everything Grandkids Do!" Founder Shantanu Naidu says that they are not aiming to replace family, but to fill a void by offering spirited, empathetic youth companions for elderly clients for some quality time together or even to just help them with technology.
当 Naidu 的初创企业在利用人类情感智能时，一些企业家正利用人工智能解决现实生活中的挑战。
While Naidu's start-up is tapping human emotional intelligence, some entrepreneurs are using artificial intelligence to solve real-life challenges.
在班加罗尔，Kubo Care 和 NoBlink.ai 等公司将人工智能驱动的监测服务与家庭壁挂式雷达设备相结合，监测人员动向，以便在老人晕倒或跌倒时向急救部门发出警报。
In Bengaluru, companies like Kubo Care and NoBlink.ai combine AI-powered monitoring services with wall-mounted radar devices at homes to monitor people's movements to alert emergency services if they faint or fall.
NoBlink.ai联合创始人普拉吉特·奈尔表示，他们的目标是“实现规模化建设，从而以经济实惠的成本提供产品”。
Prajith Nair, co-founder of NoBlink.ai, says that they aim to "build at scale so that it is available at economical and affordable cost".
他说，公司目前以每台设备13500卢比（141.74美元；106.42英镑）的价格向养老社区项目出售这些系统，并按每间房每月50卢比起步收取监控费，这一价格是国外一些同类产品的十分之一。
He says that the company is currently selling these systems to senior living projects at 13,500 rupees ($141.74; £106.42) per device and a monthly monitoring fee of onwards of 50 rupees per room, one tenth the price of what some similar products abroad.
但是，尽管许多初创企业都力求保持价格竞争力，可负担性仍是一个重大关切。
But despite many start-ups aiming to keep prices competitive, affordability is a big concern.
瓦拉尤尔表示，印度面临的挑战不仅是养老护理，还有可负担的护理。在养老社区购买一套一室一厅一厨的单元房可能花费600万卢比，此外还需支付维护和餐饮费用。费用会因所选设施的不同而有所差异。需求很高，但这对大多数印度老年人来说遥不可及。
The challenge for India is not just senior care but affordable care Varayur says buying a one bedroom-hall-kitchen unit in a senior living project can cost 6m rupees, with additional payment for maintenance and food. The cost can vary according to the facilities chosen. Demand is high, but this is out of reach for most elderly Indians.
印度国家转型委员会表示，印度78%的老年人口没有养老金，这可能限制他们获得这些服务的能力。至少有一名老年人的家庭，其月人均收入较低，约为3568卢比，而没有老年人的家庭则为4098卢比。专家表示，这就是为什么初创企业不能成为唯一的解决方案。
NITI Aayog says 78% of India's elderly population is without a pension, which could restrict their ability to access these services. Households with at least one elderly person have a lower monthly per capita income of around 3,568 rupees as compared with 4,098 rupees for a unit without an elderly member. That's why start-ups can't be the only solution, experts say.
日本通过引入长期护理保险、公共养老设施、社会交流项目和社区支持系统相结合的方式，应对了其老龄化人口面临的问题。印度的邻国中国多年来一直在应对人口老龄化问题，随着劳动力萎缩，中国推出了鼓励年轻人结婚、提高生育率的措施。
Japan has addressed issues faced by its ageing population by introducing a mix of long-term care insurance, public nursing facilities, social exchange programmes and community-based support systems. India's neighbour China has spent years grappling with an ageing population rolling out measures to encourage younger people to marry and boost births as its workforce shrinks.
今年早些时候，喀拉拉邦成为印度首个通过老年人里程碑式法律的邦，该法律以老年人获得可负担护理、法律援助、数字包容和安全公共空间的权利为核心。
Earlier this year, Kerala became the first Indian state to pass a landmark law for senior citizens centred on rights to affordable care, legal aid, digital inclusion and safe public spaces.
行业专家表示，印度在到达人口结构十字路口之前仍有时间。但照顾数百万新增老年公民将需要强有力的支持体系。一个服务老年人的强大商业生态系统可以在弥合这一差距方面发挥作用。
Industry experts say India still has time before it reaches a demographic crossroad. But caring for millions more elderly citizens will require robust support systems. A strong ecosystem of businesses serving senior citizens could play a role in bridging that gap. Asia India Companies