美国缉毒局（DEA）首次向医用大麻企业发放注册许可吉恩·约翰逊 据报道，美国缉毒局首次向医用大麻药房发放了注册许可。这是唐纳德·特朗普总统历史性地重新调整该药物管制等级后的一次行政操作，可能为这些企业铺平道路，使其获得长期以来被拒绝的税收优惠。
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has for the first time issued registrations to medical marijuana businesses. GENE JOHNSON The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has for the first time issued registrations to medical marijuana dispensaries, a bureaucratic maneuver under President Donald Trump’s historic rescheduling of the drug that could pave the way for the businesses to receive tax benefits long denied the industry.
司法部在一份新闻稿中表示，该局于周五向阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、密西西比州、南达科他州、得克萨斯州、弗吉尼亚州和西弗吉尼亚州的900多家州持牌药房发放了注册许可。该部门暂未公布获批企业的名单。
The agency issued the registrations Friday to more than 900 state-licensed dispensaries in Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia, the Justice Department said in a news release. The department did not immediately identify the approved businesses.
司法部长托德·布兰奇在声明中表示，这些药房对大麻进行受监管的医用分发，“将有助于确保更广泛地获得慢性疼痛治疗，并保障美国人民的安全”。4月，布兰奇签署了一项命令，将州持牌医用大麻的分类从一级管制药物——该类别专门用于无医疗用途且具有高滥用潜力的药物，如海洛因——调整为管制相对宽松的三级管制药物。
Attorney General Todd Blanche said in the statement that the regulated distribution of cannabis for medical use from those shops “will help ensure broader access to chronic pain treatment and the safety of the American people.”In April, Blanche signed an order shifting the classification of state-licensed medical marijuana from Schedule I — reserved for drugs without medical use and with high potential for abuse, like heroin — to the less strictly regulated Schedule III.
这一决定在很大程度上使已在40个州建立的医用大麻项目合法化，并为州持牌医用大麻生产商、制造商和分销商向缉毒局注册建立了一个快速通道系统。企业必须接受注册前调查，并具备安保、记录保存、库存控制以及其他管控受管制物质处理的保障措施。
The decision largely legitimized medical marijuana programs in the 40 states that have adopted them, and it set up an expedited system for state-licensed medical marijuana producers, manufacturers and distributors to with the DEA. Businesses must undergo a pre-registration investigation and have security, recordkeeping, inventory controls and other safeguards governing the handling of controlled substances.
向该机构注册登记预计也将带来巨大的税收优惠。历史上，州政府许可的大麻企业无法在联邦税务中扣除正常的业务开支——如广告费、租金或与销售相关的劳动力成本——因为它们经营的是联邦层面非法的一级管制药物。业内许多人认为这在财务上是毁灭性的。
Registering with the agency is also expected to ensure immense tax benefits. Historically, state-licensed cannabis businesses haven’t been able to deduct normal business expenses — like advertising, rent or labor costs associated with sales — on their federal taxes because they were dealing with a federally illegal, Schedule I drug. Many in the industry have found that financially crippling.
根据美国缉毒局（DEA）周五发布的一份名单，全国近7000家其他大麻药房、制造商和分销商也同样申请了注册登记。
Nearly 7,000 other cannabis dispensaries, manufacturers and distributors across the country have similarly applied for registration, according to a list published by the DEA on Friday.
医用大麻组织“美国人争取安全获取权”（Americans for Safe Access）的创始人斯特凡妮·谢勒（Steph Sherer）指出，这些注册许可的发放距离加利福尼亚州成为首个将医用大麻合法化的州已逾30周年仅数日之遥。
Steph Sherer, the founder of the medical cannabis organization Americans for Safe Access, noted that the registrations were issued just days before the 30th anniversary of California becoming the first state to legalize the medical use of marijuana.
谢勒在一份书面声明中说：“这是联邦政府首次承认并注册患者奋斗建立起来的医用大麻药房。这对患者获取药物是一场巨大的胜利，也是在30年进步基础上继续前行的机遇。”但疑问重重。州政府许可的医用大麻企业的监管方式与大多数三级管制药物企业的监管方式截然不同，缉毒局可能会对医用大麻企业施加何种具体要求，目前仍不清楚。
“For the first time, the federal government is recognizing and registering the medical cannabis dispensaries that patients fought to establish,” Sherer said in a written statement. “This is a tremendous victory for patient access and an opportunity to build on 30 years of progress.”But questions abound. The way state-licensed medical marijuana businesses are regulated is vastly different from how most companies dealing with Schedule III drugs are overseen, and it remains unclear exactly what requirements the DEA may seek to impose on medical cannabis.
例如，一些大麻行业律师指出，州监管机构往往试图减轻禁毒战争的影响，允许有部分犯罪记录的人经营持牌大麻企业。缉毒局是否会对其注册的企业采取这种做法，尚不确定。
For example, some cannabis industry attorneys have noted, state regulators have often sought to mitigate the effects of the drug war by allowing people with some criminal history to run licensed marijuana businesses. It isn’t certain whether the DEA will adopt that approach with the businesses it registers.
此外，许多州已将其娱乐用和医用大麻产业合并。尽管特朗普政府曾寻求更广泛地将大麻重新分级，但缉毒局将如何对待同时经营成人用和医用大麻的企业，仍不清楚。
Furthermore, many states have merged their recreational and medical marijuana industries. While the Trump administration has sought to reschedule marijuana more broadly, it remains unclear how the DEA will treat businesses that handle both adult-use and medical cannabis.
二十四个州加上华盛顿特区已授权成年人娱乐性使用大麻，40个州建立了医用大麻体系，另有八个州允许出于医疗目的使用低四氢大麻酚（THC）大麻或大麻二酚（CBD）油。只有爱达荷州和堪萨斯州全面禁止大麻。
Two dozen states plus Washington, D.C., have authorized adult recreational use of marijuana, 40 have medical marijuana systems, and eight others allow low-THC cannabis or CBD oil for medical use. Only Idaho and Kansas ban marijuana outright.
“看到项目逐渐成型，显然是一个积极的步骤，”美国大麻与大麻制品贸易协会政策与州倡导副总裁克里斯·林赛说。“大家都在关注，现在有了将在这个类别中运营的公司，我们能期待看到什么？它们将不得不开始做些什么？”约翰逊从西雅图发回报道。美联社记者珍妮弗·佩尔茨在纽约供稿。
“It’s obviously a positive step to see the program taking shape,” said Chris Lindsey, vice president of policy and state advocacy at the American Trade Association for Cannabis and Hemp. “What everybody’s watching for is, what can we expect to see now that we have companies that are going to be operating in this class? What are they going to have to start to do?”Johnson reported from Seattle. Associated Press writer Jennifer Peltz in New York contributed.