人工智能正在减少建筑工地的文书工作并标记隐患，但研究人员表示，证明该技术能预防伤害的证据仍然有限。
AI is cutting paperwork and flagging hazards on construction sites, but researchers say evidence that the technology prevents injuries remains limited.
软件公司 FYLD 表示，客户报告称严重工地伤害和事故减少了多达 48%。
Software firm FYLD says customers have reported reductions of up to 48% in serious worksite injuries and incidents.
但研究人员表示，即使英国的建筑业死亡人数去年有所下降，证明人工智能能预防工伤的证据仍然有限。
But researchers say evidence that AI prevents workplace injuries remains limited, even as Britain’s construction death count fell last year.
当 Shelley Copsey 受聘于安大略省教师养老金计划——全球最大的基础设施投资者之一——时，她的工作是寻找利用技术解决其投资组合中各类问题的方法。她很快了解到，一线工人面临着持续存在的问题。
When Shelley Copsey was appointed by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, one of the world's biggest infrastructure investors, her job was to find ways to use technology to solve problems across its portfolio. She quickly learned that there were persistent problems facing front-line workers.
四年后，Copsey 成为 FYLD 的首席执行官，这是一家总部位于伦敦的软件公司，利用人工智能为建筑、公用事业和基础设施领域的工人提供支持。
Four years later, Copsey is CEO of FYLD, a London-headquartered software company that uses artificial intelligence to support workers in construction, utilities and infrastructure.
这正值人工智能在一些体力要求最高的工作中发挥日益重要的作用之际，从维护道路和铁路到在建筑工地作业。目标是减少文书工作——以及事故。
It comes as AI plays an increasingly important role in some of the most physically demanding jobs, from maintaining roads and railways to working on construction sites. The aim is to reduce both paperwork — and accidents.
据 Copsey 介绍，当现场作业出现问题时，关注点通常会转向预算或现金流。
According to Copsey, when fieldwork goes wrong, attention usually turns to budgets or cash flow.
“我们总是去后台办公室，心想：哦，如果我们能帮他们更好地预测工作，也许这就不会成为问题，”她告诉 CNBC。“我认为以前没人曾静下心来问：那些一线工人的生活到底是怎样的？我们如何让一线的生活更轻松？”
"We always go to the back office and we're like: oh, if we could help them forecast the job better, maybe this wouldn't be a problem," she told CNBC. "I think that what nobody ever did was just sit and say: well, what goes on in those field workers' lives and how do we make the life of the front line easier?"
利用 AI 进行规划 FYLD 利用 AI 预测项目将需要哪些许可，帮助工人避免延误。Copsey 表示，以前工人经常在没有掌握所有所需信息的情况下抵达工地。该系统还可以帮助施工队根据天气进行规划，例如，在预报有大风的日子重新安排重型吊装作业。
Planning with AI FYLD uses AI to predict which permits a project will need, helping workers avoid delays. Previously, workers often arrived at a site without all of the information they needed, Copsey said. The system can also help crews plan around the weather, for example, rescheduling heavy lifting from a day when strong winds are forecast.
工人们录制短视频，描述当天的任务和安全隐患。AI 分析这些信息，帮助工人和管理者预判潜在问题。
Workers record short videos describing their day's tasks and safety concerns. AI analyzes the information to help workers and managers anticipate potential problems.
据 Copsey 介绍，另一个好处是减少了文书工作。她说，一线工人在工地上大约 20% 到 25% 的时间用于行政工作，而现在，照片、视频和作业信息可用于生成草稿报告，将原本需要约半小时的任务缩短至两三分钟。
An additional benefit is a reduction in paperwork, according to Copsey. Field workers can spend around 20% to 25% of their time on site on administrative work, she said, whereas now, photos, video and job information can be used to generate draft reports, reducing a task that previously took around half an hour to two or three minutes.
从来没有人静下心来问：好吧，这些一线工人的实际情况是怎样的？我们要如何让他们的工作更轻松？
What nobody ever did was just sit and say: well, what goes on in those field workers' lives and how do we make the life of the front line easier?
Shelley Copsey 基础设施服务提供商 Amey 于 3 月宣布，将向 2500 名一线工人推广 FYLD，旨在提升安全性，并让主管实时掌握现场作业情况。Copsey 表示，FYLD 的案例研究报告称，事故和伤害减少了多达 48%。AI 远程巡检 AI 还被用于减少实地基础设施巡检的需求。
Shelley Copsey FYLD Infrastructure services provider Amey announced in March that it would roll FYLD out to 2,500 field workers as it looks to improve safety and give supervisors real-time visibility of work on the ground. Copsey said FYLD case studies have reported reductions in incidents and injuries of as much as 48%. AI remote inspections AI is also being used to reduce the need for physical infrastructure inspections.
总部位于伦敦的 Bentley Systems（美国软件公司）欧洲、中东和非洲区高级副总裁 Nathan Marsh 告诉 CNBC，该公司的道路维护平台 Blyncsy 分析司机拍摄的图像，以发现损坏的护栏、植被过度生长和碎片等问题。
Nathan Marsh, London-based senior vice president for Europe, the Middle East and Africa at U.S. software company Bentley Systems, told CNBC that the company's road maintenance platform, Blyncsy, analyzes images captured by drivers to spot problems, including damaged guardrails, overgrown vegetation and debris.
Marsh 表示：“将 AI 应用于现有影像，能在常规巡检所需时间的极小部分内，实现全资产覆盖。”
"Applying AI to existing imagery provides complete asset coverage in a fraction of the time a conventional survey would take," Marsh said.
总部位于英国的荷兰维护软件公司 Ultimo 首席执行官 Steven Elsham 告诉 CNBC，其 AI 工具能标记那些可能原本不会被上报的安全事故。
Steven Elsham, U.K.-based CEO of Dutch maintenance software company Ultimo, told CNBC its AI tools can flag safety incidents that might otherwise go unreported.
该系统扫描工单和交班日志中的事故迹象，随后起草报告供人工审核。Elsham 举了一个仓库门受损的例子，损坏迹象表明它曾被叉车撞击。
The system scans work orders and shift logs for signs of incidents, then drafts a report for a person to review. Elsham gave the example of a warehouse door with damage that suggested it had been struck by a forklift.
“人们仍应自行上报情况，”他说。“这是用来捕捉遗漏之处的。”
"People should still report things themselves," he said. "This is there for what gets missed."
英国诺森比亚大学助理教授瓦利德·乌梅尔告诉CNBC，目前许多研究都集中在模型能检测到什么，而不是它们是否能防止伤害。
Safety evidence limits Waleed Umer, an assistant professor at Northumbria University, England, told CNBC that many studies so far have focused on what models can detect, rather than whether they prevent harm.
他说，建筑工地不断变化，导致摄像头难以捕捉每一个危险。他还警告说，误报会导致工人忽视警报，而过度依赖AI可能会造成一种虚假的安全感。
Construction sites change constantly, making it difficult for cameras to capture every hazard, he said. He also warned that false alarms can lead workers to ignore warnings, while overreliance on AI can create a false sense of security.
把AI当作一双额外的眼睛，而不是监管的替代品……并明确它看不到什么。瓦利德·乌梅尔 诺森比亚大学苏格兰格拉斯哥卡利多尼安大学建筑管理学教授比利·黑尔告诉CNBC，研究项目和试点研究主要集中在生产力提升上，往往假设减少接触危险就意味着风险降低。
Treat AI as an extra pair of eyes, not a replacement for supervision ... And be clear about what it can't see. Waleed Umer Northumbria University Billy Hare, a professor of construction management at Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland, told CNBC that research projects and pilot studies have primarily focused on productivity gains, often assuming that less exposure to hazards means lower risks.
例如，宾利系统公司表示，它支持的一个铁路项目利用数字孪生（物理资产的虚拟模型），将实地考察减少了50%，人工勘测减少了70%。
Bentley Systems, for example, said one rail project it supported cut physical site visits by 50% and manual surveys by 70% using a digital twin, a virtual model of a physical asset.
黑尔说，假设在危险环境中花费的时间减少能降低风险是合理的，但要确定技术是否真能预防事故，还需要进一步调查。
It's reasonable to assume that less time spent in hazardous environments could reduce risks, Hare said, but establishing whether technology actually prevents accidents needs further investigation.
根据英国健康与安全执行局（HSE）的数据，2025/26年度英国因工作相关事故死亡的建筑工人人数降至25人，低于上一年的35人，也低于五年平均值37人。
According to the U.K.'s Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the number of construction workers killed in work-related incidents in Great Britain fell to 25 in 2025/26, down from 35 the previous year and below the five-year average of 37.
黑尔说：“英国今年记录到了有史以来最低的建筑业死亡人数，但这可能是由于经济放缓，”这使得更难判断技术是否产生了可衡量的影响。
"The U.K. has seen the lowest construction fatality figure ever recorded this year, but this may be due to economic slowdown," Hare said, which makes it harder to tell whether technology has made a measurable difference.
诺森比亚大学的 Umer 表示，仅靠人工监督可能还不够，特别是当 AI 产生的信息量超过主管能够切实审查的范围时。在这种情况下，建议可能会在未经适当审查的情况下获得批准。
Human oversight may not be enough on its own, Northumbria University's Umer said, especially if AI produces more information than supervisors can realistically review. In that case, recommendations could be approved without proper scrutiny.
Ultimo 的 Elsham 认为，更大的问题是 AI 是否让困难的工作变得更容易应对，而不是从从事这些工作的人身上榨取更多产出。他说，这始于绩效如何衡量：公司需要决定节省下来的时间用在何处，以及 AI 应该支持工作的哪些环节。
For Ultimo's Elsham, the bigger question is whether AI makes difficult jobs more manageable rather than squeezing more work out of the people doing them. That starts with how performance is measured, he said: companies need to decide what any time saved is for, and which parts of the job AI should support.
他说：“安全团队已经在人员编制不变的情况下覆盖了更多隐患。如果腾出的工时只用来让每人处理更多工单，员工一眼就能看穿，而且他们是对的。”他主张，公司应当衡量一线真正重要的指标，包括安全、一次修复率和非计划停机，而不仅仅是产出。
"Safety teams are already covering more hazards with the same headcount," he said. "If the only plan for the freed-up hours is more tickets per head, workers will see straight through it, and they'd be right." Companies should instead measure what matters on the floor, he argued, including safety, first-time fixes and unplanned breakdowns, rather than just output.
Elsham 说：“一家管理良好的企业能让其中的每个人受益，而从事最艰苦工作的人应该最先感受到这一点。”
"A well-run business benefits everyone in it, and the people doing the hardest jobs should feel it first," Elsham said.