世界银行表示，2011年至2023年期间，印度约有4.96亿人摆脱贫困，成为全球这一指标下降最快的国家之一，尽管这些收益仍然很不均衡。
India saw about 496 million people lifted out of poverty between 2011 and 2023 in one of the world’s fastest declines in this metric, the World Bank said, although the gains remain uneven.
在此期间，生活在中低收入贫困线（每天4.20美元）以下的国民比例从5.7%降至16.1%，使得近5亿人跨过了这一门槛。世行在本月发布的一份报告中称，极端贫困人口（按每天3美元衡量）的降幅更为剧烈，从27.1%降至2.6%。
The share of the population living below the Lower Middle-Income poverty line of $4.20 a day fell from 57.7% to 16.1% over this period, pushing a little under half a billion people above this threshold. The reductions were even sharper in the extreme poverty category — measured at $3 a day — from 27.1% to 2.6%, it said in a report published this month.
*由阿亚戈·万比利（Ayago Wambile）领导的世界银行南亚贫困经济学家在报告中写道，这“主要受强劲的消费增长、就业增加（特别是女性就业）以及包括食品补贴在内的扩大社会转移支付的推动”。
This was “mainly driven by strong consumption growth, rising employment, especially among women, and expanded social transfers, including food subsidies,” World Bank’s South Asia poverty economists led by Ayago Wambile wrote in the report.
尽管2017年至2023年期间就业人数增加了约1.34万，但世界银行经济学家表示，工资差距“仍然显著”，2023年前10%工人的中位收入约为后10%工人的13倍。报告还指出，青年失业率近期有所上升——从去年4月至6月季度的14.6%上升到今年同期的15.9%。
While employment increased by about 134 million between 2017 and 2023, the World Bank economists said that the wage disparities “remain pronounced,” as median earnings among the top 10% of workers were about 13 times those of the bottom 10% in 2023. The report also flagged a recent rise in youth unemployment — from 14.6% in the April-June quarter last year to 15.9% in the same period this year.
该报告的调查结果与世界银行对这个全球增长最快的大型经济体的乐观前景相吻合，同时也呼应了近期的学生街头抗议浪潮，这对印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪构成了迄今为止最大的挑战之一。世界银行本月早些时候将印度的增长预测上调至7.1%，称工业和服务的强劲势头将帮助该经济体度过季风偏弱和能源价格高企的难关。
The report’s findings align with the World Bank’s optimistic outlook on the world’s fastest-growing major economy, as well as a recent wave of student street protests that poses one of the biggest challenges yet to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The World Bank earlier this month raised its growth forecast for India to 7.1%, saying strength in industry and services will help the economy weather a weaker monsoon and elevated energy prices.
世界银行预计，未来生活在贫困中的人口降幅将更加平缓，预计印度每天4.20美元贫困线以下的人口比例将从2026年的14.2%降至2028年的12.1%。
Future declines in population living in poverty are expected to be more gradual, with the World Bank estimating those below the $4.20-a-day threshold in India will fall from 14.2% in 2026 to 12.1% by 2028.
尽管全国贫困人口数量正在缩减，但报告发现，这一人口群体正变得更加集中在一个从北部的北方邦延伸至东部的西孟加拉邦的“连片地带”。该地区目前约占印度剩余贫困人口的57%。
Even though the nationwide poverty number is shrinking, the report found that this population cohort is becoming more concentrated in a “contiguous belt” stretching from Uttar Pradesh in the north to the state of West Bengal in the east. This region now accounts for about 57% of India’s remaining poor.
报告称：“未来全国贫困率的进一步下降，将越来越取决于能否在这些邦促进生产性就业。”
“Further reductions in national poverty will increasingly depend on enabling productive employment in these states,” the report said.