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新研究:发现意识在死后依然存在的证据Evidence that consciousness persists after death found in new study

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死后生命之谜加深:科学家在“临床死亡”患者身上发现意识迹象死亡之后会发生什么,依然是人类最伟大、最持久的谜团之一。

Life after death mystery deepens as scientists find signs of consciousness in 'clinically dead' patients What happens after death remains one of humanity's greatest and most enduring mysteries.

如今,研究人员在心脏已停止跳动数分钟的患者身上发现了意识迹象,使科学家更接近揭开死后生命的真相。

Now, researchers have found signs of consciousness in patients whose hearts had stopped for several minutes, bringing scientists closer to uncovering the truth about life after death.

在英国和西班牙的13家医院中,有140多名面临心脏骤停风险的患者自愿参加了一项实验:如果他们的心脏停止跳动,在复苏的前两分钟内,扬声器会播放音乐。

More than 140 patients, who were at risk of cardiac arrest, across 13 hospitals in the UK and Spain, volunteered for an experiment that would see music played through a speaker during the first two minutes of resuscitation if their hearts stopped.

幸存者恢复后,完成了一项包含十个项目的记忆测试,测试将复苏期间播放的声音与未播放的声音混合在一起。

After recovering, the survivors completed a ten-item memory test that mixed sounds played during resuscitation with others that had not been played.

听到包括雨声和鸟鸣在内的自然声音的那组,以及听到新创作旋律的那组,得分都高于随机猜测水平;而另一组在不同实验条件下听到相同旋律,表现则接近随机猜测水平。

The group hearing nature sounds, including rain and birdsong, and one hearing newly created melodies scored above chance, while a third group hearing the same melodies under different experimental conditions performed around guessing level.

研究团队写道,研究结果表明,“意识可能在可逆的临床死亡状态下得以保留”。

The findings suggest that 'consciousness may be preserved even during states of reversible clinical death,' the team wrote.

大脑氧气读数较低也与更好的回忆能力相关,这进一步引发了关于大脑在极端身体压力下如何处理信息的疑问。

Lower brain oxygen readings were also associated with better recall, raising further questions about how the mind processes information under extreme physical stress.

这些发现支持了这样一种观点:意识可以比心跳持续更久,这一可能性是关于死后生命辩论的核心。科学家发现关于死亡瞬间后发生什么的新线索该研究聚焦于人们从医疗状况显示他们本应处于无意识状态的时期所回忆起的生动体验。

The findings lend support to the idea that consciousness can outlast the heartbeat, a possibility central to the debate over life after death. Scientists have found new clues about what happens moments after death The study focused on vivid experiences people remembered from periods when their medical condition suggested they should have been unconscious.

这里的“临床死亡”是指心脏已停止跳动,但患者仍可被复苏。心肺复苏术可向大脑供应部分血液,因此心脏骤停并不一定意味着所有大脑活动都已结束。

Here, 'clinical death' means the heart had stopped, but the person could still be revived. CPR can supply some blood to the brain, so cardiac arrest does not necessarily mean that all brain activity has ended.

这项工作涉及西班牙科米亚斯宗座大学、英国曼彻斯特城市大学和利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学的团队。

The work involved teams from Comillas Pontifical University in Spain, Manchester Metropolitan University and Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.

实验采用三组设计,在复苏过程中通过连接笔记本电脑的扬声器播放声音。一组听到的是熟悉的自然声音,包括鸟鸣、雨声和海浪拍岸声。

The experiment used three groups, with sounds played through a speaker connected to a laptop during resuscitation. One group heard familiar natural noises, including birdsong, rain and crashing waves.

另一组听到的是新创作的旋律,旨在降低患者将实验与早年记忆混淆的风险。对于这两组,量子计算机协助决定每个声音是播放还是暂缓播放。

Another heard newly created melodies, designed to reduce the risk of patients confusing the experiment with something they remembered from earlier life. For both groups, a quantum computer helped decide whether each sound would be played or withheld.

它利用了量子纠缠,将计算机的量子比特(qubits)关联起来,使其测量结果相互关联。

It used entanglement, which links the computer's quantum bits, called qubits, so their measurement results are connected.

这些结果充当控制声音播放的开关,让研究人员能够测试这种声音选择方法是否与更好的回忆有关。第三组通过不使用纠缠的系统听取新旋律。

Those results acted as switches controlling sound playback, allowing researchers to test whether this method of selecting sounds was linked to better recall. A third group heard the new melodies through a system that did not use entanglement.

事后,幸存者完成了一项包含十个项目的识别测试,其中包括五个已播放的声音和五个未播放的声音。

Afterward, survivors completed a ten-item recognition test containing five sounds that had been played and five that had not.

前两组平均答对十题中的六到七题,而对照组得分约为五题,符合随机猜测的预期水平。

The first two groups averaged around six or seven correct answers out of ten, while the comparison group scored about five, the number expected from guessing.

研究人员发现,大脑氧气读数较低也与更强烈的濒死体验以及对复苏期间播放声音的更好识别相关。

The researchers found that lower brain oxygen readings were also associated with more intense near-death experiences and better recognition of sounds played during resuscitation.

这提出了一个令人困惑的问题:当患者表现为无意识且血液循环严重恶化时,大脑如何在极端身体压力下处理信息。

That raises a puzzling question about how the brain processes information under extreme physical stress, when a patient appears unconscious and their circulation has severely deteriorated.

该论文指出早期研究记录到濒死大脑出现有组织的活动爆发,包括与意识处理相关的电活动模式。

The paper points to earlier research that recorded bursts of organized activity in dying brains, including electrical patterns associated with conscious processing.

这种活动可能有助于解释部分幸存者报告的体验,包括看到光亮、回忆一生场景或感到异常清醒。

Such activity could potentially help explain experiences reported by some survivors, including seeing light, recalling scenes from their lives or feeling unusually clear-headed.

作者指出,严重受压的大脑可能短暂保留足够的活动来支持体验或记忆,即使其正常功能已开始衰竭。

The authors suggested that a severely stressed brain might briefly preserve enough activity to support experiences or memories, even as its normal functions begin to fail.

对患者及其家属而言,最直接的启示是,缺乏外在反应可能无法完整反映某人的主观体验。

For patients and families, the most immediate implication is that a lack of outward response may not tell the whole story about someone's experience.

作者主张,医疗团队应考虑到残留意识的可能性,并在抢救患者时进行尊重性的沟通。

The authors argue that medical teams should consider the possibility of residual awareness and communicate respectfully while trying to revive a patient.

他们写道:“抢救过程中也应进行尊重性的语言沟通,因为患者事后可能会回忆起事件或对话。”

'Respectful verbal communication is also warranted during resuscitation, as patients may later recall events or dialogue,' they wrote.

他们还建议,询问幸存者是否有异常记忆,并在这些体验令人痛苦时提供心理支持,帮助患者谈论那些可能感觉极具意义或难以言说的经历。

They also recommend asking survivors about unusual memories and offering psychological support when those experiences are distressing, helping patients discuss something that may feel profoundly meaningful or difficult to explain.

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