几十年来，中国一直向非洲军队供应轻武器和地面装备，例如装甲车、卡车和大炮。
For decades, China has supplied African militaries with small arms and land-based equipment such as armoured vehicles, trucks and artillery.
现在，中国正在向非洲销售更多专业化武器，包括武装无人机和电子战系统。
Now, it is selling them more specialised weapons, including armed drones and electronic warfare systems.
分析人士指出，中国对非洲的武器销售正在发生质的转变，转向了曾经由俄罗斯和西方主导的防空系统、武装无人机和电子战装备。
Analysts noted that China’s African arms sales were shifting qualitatively to air-defence systems, armed drones and electronic warfare gear once dominated by Russia and the West.
4月，防务分析集团简氏识别出的4辆中国“倚天-L”（Yitian-L）防空系统车辆出现在马里的一个军事车队中。
In April, four vehicles identified by defence analysis group Janes as Chinese Yitian-L air-defence systems appeared in a Malian military convoy.
5个月后，布基纳法索总统府发布了一段实弹测试和装备检查的视频，其中展示了被识别为中国北方工业集团公司（简称中国北方工业公司）制造的中国“天龙”（Sky Dragon）变体型号的移动式监视雷达和地对空导弹发射器。
Five months later, Burkina Faso’s presidency released footage of a live-fire test and equipment inspection showing a mobile surveillance radar and surface-to-air missile launcher identified as a Chinese Sky Dragon variant made by China North Industries Group Corporation, or Norinco.
在2024年和2025年，布基纳法索接收了中国装甲车和大炮，其中包括VN22B火力支援车、WZ-551人员输送车、WMA301火力支援车、SR5火箭炮和PLL-05自行迫榴炮。
In 2024 and 2025, Burkina Faso received Chinese armoured vehicles and artillery, including VN22B fire-support vehicles, WZ-551 personnel carriers, WMA301 fire-support vehicles, SR5 rocket launchers and PLL-05 self-propelled gun-mortars.
这种转变在萨赫勒地区尤为明显，马里和布基纳法索在那里终止了与法国的防务合作，并面临美国安全援助的限制。这两个非洲国家在萨赫勒地区打击叛乱活动的同时，转而寻求俄罗斯的军事支持并购买中国装备。
The shift is particularly visible in the Sahel, where Mali and Burkina Faso ended defence cooperation with France and faced restrictions on US security assistance. The two African countries have since sought Russian military support and bought Chinese equipment as they fight insurgencies in the Sahel.
在非洲其他地区，中国制造的无人机、防空导弹和电子战装备也出现在了军队的库存和展示中。科特迪瓦在2024年6月与中国国有航空航天出口企业中航技进出口有限责任公司签署合同并接收后，于8月展示了“翼龙-II”（Wing Loong II）武装无人机。
Elsewhere in Africa, Chinese-made drones, air-defence missiles and electronic warfare equipment have appeared in military inventories and displays. Ivory Coast displayed Wing Loong II armed drones in August after receiving them under a contract it signed with Chinese state-owned aerospace exporter Catic in June 2024.
总部位于华盛顿的智库哈德逊研究所高级研究员莉泽洛特·奥德高（Liselotte Odgaard）表示，中国正在供应的能力已经发生了变化。
According to Liselotte Odgaard, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, a Washington-based think tank, the capabilities that China is supplying have changed.
奥德高说：“中国防空系统、武装无人机和电子战装备最近在非洲各地出现，这表明的不仅仅是产品目录的扩大。”
“The recent appearances of Chinese air-defence systems, armed drones and electronic warfare equipment across Africa suggest more than just an expanded catalogue,” Odgaard said.
“它们表明，中国正越来越多地供应以前由俄罗斯、西方供应商主导或只有少数非洲国家才能获得的更高端能力。”奥德高表示，马里和布基纳法索不断变化的安全伙伴关系影响了它们的武器采购，这为中国等供应商创造了机遇，中国在萨赫勒地区扩大了防务参与，同时避免了对当地政治发展的公开批评。
“They indicate that China is increasingly supplying higher-end capabilities that were previously dominated by Russia, Western suppliers or obtained only by a handful of African states.”Odgaard said Mali and Burkina Faso’s changing security partnerships influenced their arms purchases as they created opportunities for suppliers such as China, which had expanded its defence engagement in the Sahel while avoiding public criticism of local political developments.
中国-非洲问题专家、美国前驻布基纳法索和埃塞俄比亚大使大卫·申恩（David Shinn）表示，中国装备的质量有所提高，且北京愿意在许多西方国家不愿涉足的地方进行销售。
David Shinn, a China-Africa specialist and former US ambassador to Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, said the quality of Chinese equipment had improved and that Beijing was willing to sell where many Western countries would not.
申恩补充说：“与许多西方国家不同，只要不受联合国制裁，中国就会向任何国家出售军事硬件。”
“Unlike many Western countries, China will sell military hardware to any country so long as it is not subject to UN sanctions,” Shinn added.
奥德高表示，这些销售使中国企业进入了综合防空、情报与监视、打击系统和电子战领域。她推测，按数量计算，装甲车、卡车和大炮可能占中国交付的大部分。
Odgaard said the sales put Chinese firms into integrated air defence, intelligence and surveillance, strike systems and electronic warfare. She surmised that armoured vehicles, trucks and artillery possibly accounted for most Chinese deliveries by volume.
然而她补充说，无人机、导弹、雷达和电子战销售数量的不断增长，表明了向更复杂系统迈进的质的转变。
However, the growing number of drone, missile, radar and electronic warfare sales suggested a qualitative shift towards more sophisticated systems, she added.
“先进系统非但没有取代传统出口，反而越来越多地对其进行补充，并提升了中国与非洲国家防务关系的的技术水平。”中国最大的国有防务承包商之一中国北方工业公司供应了许多地面系统。该公司已在塞内加尔达喀尔设立了地区办事处，并在尼日利亚包奇州建立了一个联合维修中心，用于提供维修、备件和技术支持。奥德高表示，中国装备的吸引力不仅限于价格。
“Rather than replacing traditional exports, advanced systems are increasingly complementing them and raising the technological level of China’s defence relationship with African states.”Norinco, one of China’s largest state-owned defence contractors, supplies many of the land-based systems. It has opened a regional office in Dakar, Senegal, and established a joint service centre in Nigeria’s Bauchi state for repairs, spare parts and technical support. Odgaard said the appeal of Chinese equipment extended beyond pricing.
她说：“中国也已成为武装无人机的主要供应商，因为许多非洲国家无法轻易从美国或欧洲获得同等系统。中国制造商提供广泛的打包方案，包括培训、维护、融资和日益复杂的技术。”
“China has also become a major supplier of armed drones because many African states cannot easily obtain equivalent systems from the US or Europe,” she said. “Chinese manufacturers offer a broad package, including training, maintenance, financing and increasingly sophisticated technologies.”
斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）武器转让项目研究员卡塔琳娜·久基奇（Katarina Djokic）称中国是对非主要武器的重要供应国，但她表示，这家瑞典智库对这些转让的估计太小，不会对中国的整体主要武器出口产生重大影响。
Katarina Djokic, a researcher with the arms transfers programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), called China an important supplier of major arms to African states, but said the Swedish think tank’s estimates of those transfers were too small to significantly affect China’s overall major-arms exports.
久基奇补充说：“促使非洲国家购买中国武器的一个重要因素是价格，包括维护成本。有些与西方国家关系良好的国家仍然从中国采购主要武器。”
“An important factor that makes African states buy Chinese arms is the price, including maintenance costs,” Djokic added. “There are states with good relations with Western states which still acquire major arms from China.”
根据追踪国际武器转让的斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所的数据，历史上俄罗斯一直主导着对非洲的主要武器交付。
Historically, Russia has led deliveries of major arms to Africa, according to SIPRI, which tracks international weapons transfers.
申恩表示，中国已经取代俄罗斯成为撒哈拉以南非洲最大的供应商，而克里姆林宫在乌克兰的装备需求限制了其对非洲客户的供应能力。
Shinn said China had replaced Russia as the largest supplier to sub-Saharan Africa, while the Kremlin’s need for equipment in Ukraine had limited what it could supply to African customers.
他补充说，北京和莫斯科在非洲武器市场上展开竞争，但在其他地方的安全问题上进行合作。
Beijing and Moscow competed in Africa’s arms market but cooperated on security elsewhere, he added.
“这使得北京成为在马里和布基纳法索等俄罗斯“非洲军团”活动的地方供应装备的天然替代者，但由于乌克兰的装备需求，莫斯科受到了限制。”
“This makes Beijing a natural replacement for supplying equipment in places like Mali and Burkina Faso where the Africa Corps operates, but Moscow is constrained because of equipment requirements in Ukraine.”