
佛罗里达群岛的两位餐厅老板在美国中期选举前夕对特朗普治下的美国持有截然不同的看法:一位法国移民担忧日益加剧的政治分裂,而一位古裔美国餐厅老板尽管对总统存有疑虑,仍对共和党抱有同情。
Two restaurant owners in the Florida Keys have differing views of Donald Trump's America on the eve of US midterm elections, with a French immigrant concerned about growing political divisions and a Cuban-American restaurateur still sympathetic to Republicans despite misgivings about the president.
佛罗里达群岛是一串位于“阳光之州”佛罗里达州南端的珊瑚岛,由一条主要公路相连。这些岛屿距古巴不足100公里,遍布棕榈树、停满游艇的海湾和冲浪学校。
The Florida Keys are a chain of coral islands at the southern tip of the "Sunshine State" of Florida, connected by a major highway. Less than 100km from Cuba, the islands are dotted with palm trees, coves filled with pleasure yachts and surf schools.
对皮埃尔-马克·贝利翁而言,美国——以及群岛——提供了一种生活方式;对拉斐尔·加西亚的父母而言,这里提供了一条逃生之路。如今,两人都在该地区经营餐饮业务。他们不同的经历塑造了他们对移民及其引发的政治分歧的看法。
For Pierre-Marc Bellion, America – and the Keys – offered a way of life. For Raphaël Garcia’s parents, it offered an escape. Today, both men run hospitality businesses in the region. Their different histories have shaped their views of immigration and the political divisions surrounding it.
机遇之地 “我们爱上了这里的天气、海水、气候和生活方式,”贝利翁说,他和妻子共同经营位于塔韦尼尔、基拉戈附近的“摩卡咖啡馆”。
A land of opportunity "We fell in love with the weather, the water, the climate, the lifestyle," says Bellion, who co-owns the Café Moka in Tavernier, near Key Largo, with his wife.
“在美国做生意真的很容易,”他的妻子亚历克斯补充道,“与法国相比,手续少得多,人们也非常支持。”30多年前,贝利翁首次与亚历克斯造访群岛。随后返回法国、创办企业、组建家庭后,他们变卖一切永久搬回此地。
"It's really easy to have a business in America," adds his wife Alex. "There are much less formalities, compared to France, and people are really supportive." Bellion first visited the Keys with Alex more than 30 years ago. After returning to France, building businesses and starting a family, they sold everything and moved back permanently.
“并非为了财富梦想或淘金热,”他对法广(RFI)表示,“纯粹是因为我们享受这里的生活方式。”
“It was not a financial dream or the gold rush. It was really the lifestyle that we enjoy here,” he told RFI.
生于美国的餐厅老板加西亚拥有古巴父母,他与美国的关系截然不同。他说,古巴政府没收了他外祖父的企业和房产。
Garcia, an American-born restaurateur with Cuban parents, has a different relationship with the United States. He says the Cuban government confiscated his maternal grandfather’s business and properties.

“有人敲门,”他说,“他们的房子被没收,现归古巴政府所有。”他的父母逃往美国。“他们两手空空来到这里,”他说。
"There was the knock on the door," he says. "Their house was confiscated and is now in the possession of the government of Cuba." His parents fled to the US. “They came here with absolutely nothing,” he says.
他的父亲17岁时离开古巴,从此再未见过那里的亲人。加西亚说,一位叔叔成了政治犯,被关进了集中营。拉美裔选民的不满能否动摇共和党对佛罗里达州的掌控?“越来越两极分化”贝利翁回忆说,他曾钦佩美国人“能把选举抛在脑后,尽管存在政治分歧仍能共同合作”的能力。
His father left Cuba at 17 and never saw his relatives there again. Garcia says an uncle became a political prisoner and was locked up in a concentration camp. Can Latino discontent loosen Republican grip on Florida? 'More and more polarised' Bellion remembers admiring the ability of Americans "to put elections behind them and work together despite political disagreements".
如今,他看到的是一个日益分裂的国家,人们退缩进那些强化其既有信念的媒体之中。“似乎美国最近10年变得越来越两极分化,”他说。
He now sees an increasingly fractured country, with people retreating into media that reinforce their existing beliefs. "It seems like the last 10 years in America have become more and more polarised," he says.
“人们只听同一个频道、同一个电台,或读同一种东西。所以如果你倾向红色[共和党],你就会变成荧光红;如果你倾向自由派,你就会变得更加自由派。这变化太大了,”他说。“这让我感到难过。”他的咖啡馆为讨论提供了机会。顾客带着政治忧虑找他交谈,但公开讨论越来越“让人感觉不受欢迎”,他说。“我想我们应该能自由地谈论它,而不是争吵。”
"People only listen to the same channels or radios or read the same things. So if you lean red [Republican], you're going to go fluorescent red. If you lean liberal, you're going to be even more liberal. This has changed a whole lot,” he says. "It makes me sad." His café provides an opportunity for discussion. Customers approach him with political worries, but open discussion increasingly "feels unwelcome," he says. “I think we should be able to freely speak about it and not argue.”
“我们这里铁板红”加西亚对现状也感到失望,并说特朗普未能兑现一些承诺。但他并不认为对总统的不满会转化为古巴裔美国人对共和党的更广泛抛弃。
'We're solid red here' Garcia is also disappointed with the current situation and says Trump has failed to keep some of his promises. But he does not see dissatisfaction with the president translating into a broader rejection of Republicans among Cuban-Americans.
“就脱离共和党而言,我没看到这种迹象。”他自称是独立人士和中间派,但通过家人在古巴的经历来审视民主党的方向。
“As far as shifting away from the Republican Party, I’m not seeing that.”He describes himself as an independent and a centrist, but views the Democrats’ direction through the experience of his family in Cuba.
“在古巴裔社区,我们看到了迹象,对于民主党里的社会主义者,我们亲眼见识过,你可以给它涂上很多口红,但归根结底共产主义就是共产主义。“我会说我们这里铁板红。”
"With the Cuban community, we've seen the signs, with the Socialists in the Democratic Party, we've seen it before first hand, and you can put a lot of lipstick on it, but communism is communism at the end of the day. "I'd say we're solid Red here."
古巴在半年内第三次全国大停电后缓慢恢复供电 移民打压 贝利翁表示,尽管多年经营企业并雇佣员工,他仍持签证留在美国,无法投票。
Cuba slowly gets power back after third nationwide blackout in six months Immigration crackdown Bellion says he remains in the United States on a visa and cannot vote, despite years running businesses and employing staff.
“我大概经营过半打企业,有时雇佣30、40名员工。但我至今仍不能投票。”他质疑无证移民在美国大选中投票的说法,强调即使是合法移民也无法投票。
“I’ve had maybe half a dozen businesses with 30, 40 employees sometimes. And I still do not vote.”He questions claims that undocumented migrants vote in US elections, stressing that even legal immigrants cannot vote.
“我不断听说非法移民在投票。但让我告诉你:合法移民都不能投票,所以非法移民会投票这种幻想,在我看来挺可笑的。” 特朗普的边境:安静,但鲜有人满意 加西亚承认,美国通过给予其父母政治庇护,为他们提供了庇护,但他支持特朗普更严厉的移民执法。“某些手段有点粗暴,”他承认。
"I keep hearing that illegal immigrants are voting. But let me tell you: legal immigrants can't vote, so the fantasy that illegal immigrants would vote is quite funny from my end." Trump's border: quiet, but few people are happy Garcia acknowledges that the US gave his parents refuge by granting them political aslylum, but he supports Trump's tougher immigration enforcement. “Some of the tactics are a bit rough,” he admits.
他希望当局能区分“对社会有贡献的人和没有贡献的人。”他说已有几名员工离职,并承认优秀工人也被卷入执法行动。尽管如此,他仍支持打击行动。“我们必须整顿,因为局势已失控。”
He would prefer authorities to distinguish between people "contributing to society and those who are not." He says several employees have already left and acknowledges that good workers are being caught up in enforcement. Nevertheless, he supports the crackdown. “We’ve got to clean it up because it was out of control.”