(NEXSTAR) —— 无论你院子里插着谁的竞选标牌，或者你多么支持某位候选人，任何对该人或该党的外在支持表达，都可能给你为他们投票的计划带来麻烦。
(NEXSTAR) – Regardless of the campaign signs in your yard or how much you support a candidate, any outward support of that person or party may throw a wrench in your plans to vote for them.
根据全美州立法会议（NCSL）的数据，美国超过一半的州不允许选民在投票时穿戴竞选服饰，而几乎所有州都禁止在投票站附近展示标牌、横幅或散发宣传资料。
More than half of U.S. states do not allow voters to wear campaign apparel while casting their ballot, while nearly all prohibit signs, banners, or literature near the polling place, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
这些限制以前曾引发轩然大波，特别是在2024年，时任副总统候选人JD·万斯（JD Vance）就一张照片发表了看法。照片中一名仅穿胸罩的女子据称在投票时上身赤裸，此前一名投票站工作人员告诉她，她身穿的特朗普竞选T恤违反了拉票禁令。这名女子在对工作人员连骂数声脏话后，选择脱掉了T恤。
These restrictions have caused a stir before, specifically in 2024 when then-vice presidential candidate JD Vance weighed in on a photo of a bra-clad woman purportedly voting shirtless after a poll worker told her the Trump campaign shirt she was wearing violated electioneering prohibitions. The woman opted to take the shirt off after firing multiple expletives at the worker.
密歇根州立大学法学副教授奎因·耶尔盖恩（Quinn Yeargain）表示，拉票规则旨在防止人们在投票时以任何方式感到受到施压或恐吓。
Electioneering rules are meant to keep people from feeling pressured or intimidated in any way while voting, said Quinn Yeargain, an associate professor of law at Michigan State University.
耶尔盖恩说：“这在任何方面都不构成对任何人言论自由的寒蝉效应。这是为了保持投票站作为中立场所。”
“This is not something that functions in any way to chill anybody’s free speech,” Yeargain said. “This is to keep polling places neutral locations.”
留意你的着装据NCSL统计，27个州禁止穿戴竞选相关物品，如贴纸、T恤和徽章。
Be aware of what you wear Twenty-seven states have rules against campaign wearables, like stickers, shirts, and buttons, according to the NCSL.
佛蒙特州官员警告，在佛蒙特州投票站穿戴“候选人用品”的选民需要将其遮盖。密歇根州、明尼苏达州和得克萨斯州有类似禁令。
Voters wearing “candidate paraphernalia” at Vermont polling places will need to cover it, officials warn. Michigan, Minnesota, and Texas have similar prohibitions.
佛蒙特州官员表示：“投票站是用来投票的，不是用来竞选的——一旦选民进入投票站，竞选活动就已结束。”
“The polling place is about voting, not campaigning – once voters have entered the polling place the campaigns have ended,” Vermont officials said.
在科罗拉多州、路易斯安那州和内布拉斯加州，选民不得穿戴任何涉及其正在投票的候选人或投票议题的物品。在特拉华州、佐治亚州和俄克拉荷马州，选民在投票站不得穿戴支持候选人的物品。
In Colorado, Louisiana, and Nebraska, voters can’t wear anything regarding a candidate or a ballot measure that they’re voting on. Voters in Delaware, Georgia, and Oklahoma cannot wear items supporting a candidate while at a polling place.
根据美国州立法机构会议（NCSL）的数据，其他禁止选民穿着竞选T恤、佩戴竞选徽章或其他竞选标识的州包括：阿肯色州、加利福尼亚州、夏威夷州、印第安纳州、堪萨斯州、缅因州（允许佩戴小徽章）、马萨诸塞州、蒙大拿州、内华达州、新泽西州、新墨西哥州、纽约州、北达科他州、俄亥俄州、罗德岛州、南卡罗来纳州和田纳西州。
Other states that prohibit voters from wearing campaign shirts, buttons, or other gear include Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Maine (small buttons are allowed), Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Tennessee, according to NCSL.
马里兰州和爱荷华州允许选民佩戴与竞选相关的徽章或服装，但要求他们“投票后立即离开”。新罕布什尔州规定，无法“合理地”脱下或遮盖“带有竞选宣传字样的衣物”的选民，可“迅速投票”。阿拉巴马州同样建议选民不要在投票站逗留或留下竞选材料，而宾夕法尼亚州则不允许选民在投票站内“为候选人拉票或鼓励他人支持候选人”。在弗吉尼亚州，只有选民可以穿着竞选服饰，选举工作人员则不可以。
Maryland and Iowa allow voters to wear buttons or clothing related to a campaign, but they must leave “immediately after voting.”New Hampshire voters who “cannot reasonably” remove or cover “clothing with electioneering messages on it” are allowed to “expeditiously to vote or [vote].”Alabama voters are similarly advised not to loiter or leave campaign materials at the polling place, while Pennsylvania voters are not allowed to “campaign for or encourage others to support a candidate” inside. Voters, and only voters, in Virginia can wear campaign apparel, but election workers cannot.
请将标语牌留在家中 绝大多数州都禁止在距离投票站一定范围内进行竞选和拉票活动。
Leave the signs at home Nearly every state prohibits campaigning and electioneering within a certain proximity of the polling place.
例如，在马萨诸塞州，“意在影响当前选举的拉票、竞选、征集签名及其他特定政治活动”不得在距投票地点150英尺范围内进行。佐治亚州同样禁止在距投票站150英尺范围内进行竞选活动。
In Massachusetts, for example, “electioneering, campaigning, signature-gathering and other specific political activities intended to influence the current election” is not allowed within 150 feet of the polling location. Georgia also prohibits campaigning within 150 feet of a polling site.
在内布拉斯加州，限制范围从200英尺开始；爱达荷州法律规定限制距离为250英尺；俄克拉荷马州为300英尺；南卡罗来纳州的部分限制在距投票站500英尺范围内生效；路易斯安那州则为600英尺。
In Nebraska, the restriction begins at 200 feet, while Idaho law mandates a limit at 250 feet. In Oklahoma, it’s 300 feet, and in South Carolina, some restrictions begin within 500 feet of a polling site. In Louisiana, it’s 600 feet.
宾夕法尼亚州的限制距离甚至更短——“距投票室入口至少10英尺”；阿拉巴马州法律规定，竞选活动不得在距入口30英尺范围内进行。
It’s even shorter in Pennsylvania – “at least 10 feet from the voting-room entrance” – and Alabama, where the law says campaigning cannot happen within 30 feet of the entrance.
马里兰州的投票站划定了“尽可能接近100英尺”的界线，禁止在入口处这一范围内进行竞选活动。科罗拉多州规定，任何投票地点或选票投递箱周围100英尺范围内不得开展竞选活动。明尼苏达州、得克萨斯州和西弗吉尼亚州也禁止在投票站100英尺范围内进行竞选活动。
Lines are established at Maryland polling places “as near as practicable to 100 feet” from the entrance for electioneering. In Colorado, there is no campaigning allowed within 100 feet of any polling location or ballot drop-box. Minnesota, Texas, and West Virginia also prohibit electioneering within 100 feet of a polling place.
新罕布什尔州法律要求设立“禁止竞选走廊”，宽度至少10英尺，从投票站所有入口沿人行道或延伸至服务于投票站的停车场，“合理距离”为止。在前往投票站之前，最好先确认您所在投票站内或附近允许哪些竞选活动（如果有）。
New Hampshire law calls for “no-electioneering corridors” of at least 10 feet in width that stretch “from all entrances of the polling place a reasonable distance along the sidewalks or to the parking lots that serve the polling place.”Before you head out to the polls, it’s best to confirm what campaigning, if any, is permitted in or near your polling place.