随着关于大语言模型开发者有权在多大程度上将全球数据免费输入其系统的辩论和法律争论持续进行，印度政府提出了一个构想，旨在监管并保障信息流动。印度的动机是创建基于本地数据训练的AI模型，因为它认为离岸模型制造商不会有动力解决该国的问题，也不会确保数据所有者保持控制权。印度电子与信息技术部（MeitY）认为能够实现这一目标的方案被称为“用于AI训练的数据赋能与保护架构（DEPA）”。
As debate and legal argument continue over the extent to which developers of large language models are entitled to feed the world’s data into their systems without paying for it, India’s government has come up with an idea to regulate and secure the flow of information. India’s motive is to create AI models trained on local data, because it thinks offshore model-makers won’t be motivated to address the nation’s issues or to ensure owners of data stay in control. The scheme India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) thinks can make that happen is called the “Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA) for AI Training.”
正如印度政府首席科学顾问阿贾伊·库马尔·苏德教授所描述的，DEPA意味着“模型前往数据所在地，而非数据前往模型所在地”。该方案设想“训练数据提供方”（TDP）——例如医院、银行和政府机构——与“数据交换平台”（DEP）共享匿名化和加密的数据。被称为“训练数据消费方”（TDC）的实体访问存储在DEP中的数据以训练其模型。
As described by Professor Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, DEPA means “the model travels to the data, rather than the data travelling to the model.”The scheme envisions “Training Data Providers” (TDPs) – examples of which include hospitals, banks, and government agencies – sharing anonymized and encrypted data with a “Data Exchange Platform” (DEP). Entities called “Training Data Consumers” (TDCs) access the data stored at the DEPs to train their models.
DEP将运行MeitY所谓的“基于硬件的安全数据环境”，在该环境中“数据在处理过程中始终保持加密和隔离状态”。它们还强制执行TDP设定的规则，规定TDC可以如何使用数据。MeitY的DEPA框架[PDF]指出，该方案意味着“系统性地应用差分隐私技术，以防止模型学习或泄露个人特定信息”，并补充说“安全数据环境内的所有活动均不可变地记录在案，以供审计，确保流程既安全又透明”。
DEPs will operate what MeitY calls “hardware-based Secure Data Environments” in which “data remains encrypted and isolated even during processing.”They also enforce rules set by TDPs that describe how TDCs can use data. MeitY’s DEPA framework [PDF] says this scheme means “Differential privacy techniques are systematically applied to prevent the model from learning or revealing individual specific information,” adding “All activities inside the secure data environments are immutably logged for audit purposes, ensuring that the process is both secure and transparent.”
印度政府已经运营多个数据交换平台，但目前尚不清楚要使DEPA成为现实还需要完成多少工作。
India’s government already operates several data exchanges, but it is unclear how much work remains to make DEPA a reality.
一旦 DEPA 运行起来，电子与信息技术部（MeitY）设想模型开发者将利用它来做诸如“释放当前碎片化的健康数据，以推动 AI 驱动的诊断、药物发现和公共卫生管理方面的突破”等事情。这种乐观情绪也延伸至金融服务领域。印度拥有成千上万家银行，MeitY 认为“DEPA 可以实现多元金融数据的安全共享，有望将正规信贷覆盖至 4 亿未得到充分服务的个人和中小微企业（MSME），并推动新一代金融科技创新”。
Once DEPA is working, MeitY envisions model-makers will use it to do things like “unlock currently fragmented health data to power breakthroughs in AI-driven diagnostics, drug discovery, and public health management.”The optimism extends to financial services. India is home to literally thousands of banks, and MeitY thinks “DEPA can enable secure sharing of diverse financial data, potentially extending formal credit to 400 million underserved individuals and MSMEs and fueling next-generation fintech innovation.”
印度政府长期以来认为，如果金融服务公司能向更多人放贷，将促进经济发展。“同样，在教育领域，DEPA 可以克服数据互操作性挑战，为数百万学生实现 AI 驱动的个性化学习，并创建便携式技能凭证，这对于印度 2.5 亿学生、规模达 290 亿美元的教育科技领域打造面向未来的劳动力至关重要，”该框架文件指出。
India’s government has long believed that if financial services companies can lend to more people, it will boost economic development. “Similarly, in Education, DEPA can overcome data interoperability challenges to enable AI-powered personalized learning for millions and create portable skill credentials essential for a future-ready workforce of its 250 million students in a $29 billion EdTech sector,” the framework states.
“DEPA Training 在这些领域的成功采用，是实现印度包容性增长愿景和在全球舞台上引领负责任 AI 的关键催化剂。”虽然该框架的目的是为印度人构建印度的 AI，但文件也有一半目光关注国家的国际地位。“DEPA 是印度对全球科学外交的贡献，推动世界银行和联合国等机构的努力，塑造一个更具包容性和负责任的全球 AI 生态系统，”该框架文件指出。
“The successful adoption of DEPA Training across these domains is the essential catalyst for realizing India’s vision of inclusive growth and responsible AI leadership on the global stage.”While the purpose of the framework is to build Indian AIs for Indians, the document also has half an eye on the nation’s international standing. “DEPA is India’s contribution to global science diplomacy, advancing the efforts of institutions such as the World Bank and the United Nations to shape a more inclusive and responsible global AI ecosystem,” the framework states.
文件还多次提及数字公共基础设施（DPI），这是印度首创的一个理念，涉及政府出资创建统一支付接口（UPI）支付系统和零佣金网约车平台“Bharat Taxi”等工具，以确保大型科技公司不主导本地市场。印度还将其 DPI 作为一种外交工具，免费提供给友好国家。®
It also makes several mentions of digital public infrastructure (DPI), an idea pioneered by India that involves government funding creation of tools like the Unified Payments Interface payment systems and the Bharat Taxi zero-commission ride-sharing platform, to ensure Big Tech companies don’t dominate the local market. India also uses its DPI as a diplomatic tool, by giving it away to friendly nations. ®