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美国防务新闻

国防承包商将为美国海军陆战队演示货运无人机Defense contractors to demo cargo drones for US Marine Corps

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2024年2月24日,在加利福尼亚州彭德尔顿营地红滩附近海域,作为“融合项目顶点4”演习的一部分,一架Tactical Resupply Vehicle-150电动垂直起降空中货运无人机从“斯特恩”登陆舰甲板上起飞。(凯文·雷·萨尔瓦多/美国海军陆战队)A Tactical Resupply Vehicle-150, an electric vertical takeoff and landing air cargo drone, takes off from the deck of the Stern Landing Vessel as part of Project Convergence Capstone 4 on Feb. 24, 2024, off the coast of Red Beach at Camp Pendleton, California. (Kevin Ray Salvador/U.S. Marine Corps W

美国海军陆战队和海军将于明年初举行一场海军陆战队战场货运无人机的技术演示。

The U.S. Marine Corps and Navy will be conducting a technology demonstration for a Marine battlefield cargo drone early next year.

该活动定于2027年1月25日至2月5日在阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔举行,将允许承包商展示其无人机,以竞争海军陆战队“战术补给无人机系统”(TRUAS)的“第二阶段”项目。

The event, from Jan. 25 to Feb. 5, 2027, in Huntsville, Alabama, will allow contractors to display their drones for the Increment II the Marine Corps’ Tactical Resupply Unmanned Aircraft System, or TRUAS, program.

根据海军“航空作战项目管理办公室”周一发布的公告,该办公室赞助此次演示,TRUAS第二阶段旨在“为远征先进基地行动和分布式行动中‘最后一战术英里’的小单位后勤保障,提供有机的空中投送能力”。承包商将执行最多五次飞行,并演示地面设置和飞行准备工作。

TRUAS Increment II aims to “provide an organic aerial distribution capability for small-unit logistics support across the last tactical mile in expeditionary advanced base operations and distributed operations,” according to the Monday announcement by the Navy’s Air Warfare Program Management Office, which is sponsoring the demonstration. Contractors will perform up to five flights, as well as demonstrate ground setup and flight preparation.

首次飞行要求无人机在无风条件下,运送100磅(约45.4公斤)载荷飞行最远40海里(约74公里),自动或手动投放货物,随后在不加油的情况下返回发射场。第二次飞行要求携带并投放150磅(约68公斤)或更重的载荷,飞行距离达10海里(约18.5公里)。

The first flight calls for a drone to transport a 100-pound payload up to 40 nautical miles under no-wind conditions, drop off the cargo either automatically or under manual control, and then return to the launch site without refueling. The second flight involves carrying and depositing a payload of 150 pounds or more out to 10 nautical miles.

无人机飞行速度必须至少达到每小时50节(约92.6公里/小时),飞行高度不得超过1000英尺(约305米)。无人机系统必须具备在无需弹射器、拦阻网或缆索等机械设备协助下起降的能力。

The UAV must have a speed of at least 50 knots per hour and fly no higher than 1,000 feet during the flights. The UAS must be capable of launch and recovery without mechanical equipment such as a catapult, arresting net or cable.

海军表示:“在完成两次规定飞行后,参与者可能会获得最多三次额外飞行的机会,以展示独特功能和/或能力。”

“Following the two required flights, participants may be given the opportunity to perform up to three additional flights to demonstrate unique features and/or capabilities,” the Navy said.

公告列出了多项技术规格。其中包括飞行高度上限为4500英尺(约1372米),最终达到8000英尺(约2438米)。速度最低要求为每小时50节,最终目标为每小时150节(约277.8公里/小时),并能在20至30节(约37至55.6公里/小时)的侧风条件下飞行。

The announcement lists a variety of technical specifications. They include flying at an altitude of up to 4,500 feet and, eventually, 8,000 feet. Speed should be a minimum of 50 knots per hour, with an eventual goal of 150 knots per hour, in crosswinds of 20 to 30 knots.

美国海军陆战队正在寻找一种能够自主运作的无人机,例如在“着陆前和着陆过程中、白天和夜晚”评估着陆区,并“探测并避开人员、装备、建筑物、过度坡度和其他地形隐患”。

The Marine Corps is looking for an unmanned aircraft that can function autonomously, such as assessing the landing zone “before and during landing, day and night, and detect and avoid personnel, equipment, structures, excessive slope, and other terrain hazards.”

随着天空被无人机填满,TRUAS飞行器应具备防撞保障,包括针对“巡航速度下的有人和无人飞机的有机机载感知和避让能力,其性能可与在目视飞行规则下操作的人类飞行员相媲美,并具备足够的反应时间以避免碰撞”。该军种还预计,其货运无人机将被迫在敌方火力下着陆。

With skies becoming saturated by drones, TRUAS craft should have safeguards against collisions, including an “organic airborne sense-and-avoid capability for manned and unmanned aircraft at cruise speed, with performance comparable to a human pilot operating under Visual Flight Rules and sufficient reaction time for collision avoidance.”The service also anticipates that its cargo drones will be forced to land under enemy fire.

公告指出:“TRUAS应将从巡航高度下降至着陆区(LZ)所需的时间降至最低,以通过缩短敌方探测的时间窗口来提高生存能力。”公告未说明TRUAS将运送何种货物。

“TRUAS shall minimize the time required to descend from cruise altitude to the LZ [landing zone] to enhance survivability by reducing the window for hostile detection,” the announcement noted. The announcement did not specify what kind of cargo TRUAS will carry.

上个月,乌克兰声称完成了世界首例从前线阵地用无人机转运伤员的医疗后送任务。乌克兰第92独立突击旅发布了一段引人注目的视频,画面显示一名受伤士兵被吊在一架大型六旋翼无人机底部的吊带上。

Last month, Ukraine claimed to have performed the world’s first drone medevac of a casualty from a frontline position. Ukraine’s 92nd Separate Assault Brigade posted a dramatic video of a wounded soldier being hoisted on a sling attached to the underside of a large hexacopter.

乌克兰媒体称:“俄军无人机活动频繁且地形布满地雷,使得无人地面车辆转运变得不可能。”“部队与制造商合作,开发出一种技术方案,使重型无人机能够在保持飞行稳定的情况下运送伤员,防止其倾翻或过度摇晃。”

“Heavy Russian drone activity and mined terrain made evacuation by an unmanned ground vehicle impossible,” said Ukrainian media. “Working with the manufacturer, the troops developed a technical solution that allowed the heavy drone to carry the wounded soldier while remaining stable in flight, preventing it from tipping over or swaying excessively.”

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