欧盟最高法院的一名法律顾问周二表示，谷歌的人工智能聊天机器人Gemini通过检索和重用在线新闻文章来生成回复，可能侵犯新闻出版商的版权相关权利。
Google's artificial intelligence chatbot Gemini may violate press publishers' copyright-related rights by retrieving and reusing online news articles to generate responses, an adviser to the EU's top court said Tuesday.
在提交给欧盟法院的意见书中，第一法律顾问马切伊·什普纳尔表示，在特定情况下，AI聊天机器人可能侵犯出版商的权利。
In an opinion delivered to the Court of Justice of the EU, First Advocate General Maciej Szpunar said AI chatbots could infringe publishers' rights under certain circumstances.
该意见涉及匈牙利媒体公司Like Company起诉谷歌爱尔兰公司一案，指控Gemini使用了该公司新闻门户网站上发布的文章。
The opinion concerns a case brought by Hungarian media company Like Company against Google Ireland over Gemini's use of articles published on the company's news portals.
Like Company指控谷歌利用其文章训练Gemini的大语言模型，并通过聊天机器人反复复制其内容并向公众提供。
Like Company alleged that Google used its articles to train Gemini's large language models and repeatedly reproduced their content and made it available to the public through the chatbot.
布达佩斯地区法院将该案提交欧盟法院，请求澄清：利用新闻文章训练AI模型并在聊天机器人回复中复制其内容，是否违反了欧盟法律下出版商的权利。
The Budapest Regional Court referred the case to the EU court, seeking clarification on whether using press articles to train AI models and reproducing their content in chatbot responses violated publishers' rights under EU law.
什普纳尔表示，当AI系统检索在线文章并重用其内容生成答案时，可能侵犯出版商的权利。
Szpunar said publishers' rights could be infringed when an AI system retrieves an online article and reuses its content to generate an answer.
他表示，评估应取决于聊天机器人是否非法访问了该出版物，特别是通过绕过付费墙等技术限制，以及其回复是否复制了文章的独特表达，而不仅仅是报道事实。
He said the assessment should depend on whether the chatbot accessed the publication unlawfully, particularly by bypassing technical restrictions such as paywalls, and whether its response reproduced the article's distinctive expression rather than merely reporting facts.
什普纳尔说，当聊天机器人以可识别的形式复制原始文章的表达，导致用户无需访问原始出版物时，可能构成侵权。
Szpunar said infringement could occur when a chatbot reproduces an original article's expression in a recognizable form, making it unnecessary for users to access the original publication.
他补充说，当此类复制在对相关用户查询的回复中系统性发生时，出版商将其内容向公众提供的权利也可能受到侵犯。
He added that publishers' rights to make their content available to the public could also be infringed when such reproduction occurs systematically in responses to related user queries.
这位法律顾问进一步表示，当此类做法内嵌于聊天机器人提供商的商业模式中，或其未能采取适当措施有效防止此类行为时，提供商可能面临责任。
The advocate general further said chatbot providers could face liability when such practices are inherent in their business models or when they fail to implement appropriate measures to prevent them effectively.