美国空军正在询问国防工业，是否能交付一款用于乌克兰的新型巡航导弹。
The U.S. Air Force is asking the defense industry whether it can deliver a new cruise missile intended for Ukraine.
潜在承包商被要求详细说明其提供“远程攻击弹药”（Extended Range Attack Munition，ERAM）的能力，这是一种小型空射远程导弹，旨在大规模生产。
Potential contractors are asked to detail their capabilities to provide the Extended Range Attack Munition, a small, air-launched standoff missile intended for mass production.
美国空军的新一轮信息征询（Request For Information）截止日期为11月19日，其中提供了ERAM的一些技术规格。该武器应为500磅级，射程大于250海里，速度超过0.6马赫。即使在干扰环境下，例如GPS信号受干扰，末端精度也应在目标10米以内。除了爆炸和破片效应外，该武器在撞击时还应具备有限的穿透能力。
The Air Force’s new Request For Information, which has a deadline of Nov. 19, offers some technical specifications for ERAM. It should be a 500-pound class weapon with a range of greater than 250 nautical miles and a speed of more than Mach 0.6. Terminal accuracy should be within 10 meters of the target even amid jamming, such as degraded GPS. In addition to blast and fragmentation effects, the weapon should also be capable of limited penetration on impact.
美国空军将ERAM描述为一种下一代巡航导弹，旨在“为战斗提供可负担的规模”，并“针对高价值固定目标提供精确制导的远程打击能力”。ERAM是五角大楼推动更快速开发更便宜武器的一部分。2024年，美国空军向两家小型国防公司——Zone 5 Technologies和CoAspire——颁发了合同，用于开发ERAM原型机。2026年1月——不到一年半之后，美国空军在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地进行了一次实弹战斗部测试。
The Air Force describes ERAM as a next-generation cruise missile “designed to provide affordable mass to the fight,” and which “delivers a precision-guided, stand-off capability against high-value fixed targets.”ERAM is part of the Pentagon’s push for cheaper weapons developed more quickly. In 2024, the Air Force awarded a contract to two small defense companies — Zone 5 Technologies and CoAspire — to develop ERAM prototypes. In January 2026 — less than a year and a half later, the Air Force conducted a live warhead test at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida.
类似的紧迫性也体现在这份信息征询中，其中规定，公司应在合同授予后不超过三个月开始交付首批1000多枚ERAM，交付应在15个月内完成。
Similar haste can be seen in the RFI, which states that companies should begin delivering the first of more than 1,000 ERAMs no later than three months after the contract is awarded. Deliveries should be complete within 15 months.
一个问题是，乌克兰是否已经在其美国制造的F-16战斗机上使用ERAM。2025年8月，特朗普政府宣布向乌克兰出售3350枚ERAM，金额为8.25亿美元。2026年6月，乌克兰媒体报道称，乌克兰已使用AGM-188A“锈匕首”（Rusty Dagger）——一种ERAM版本——攻击了沃罗涅日半导体厂，该工厂为俄罗斯导弹制造零部件。
One question is whether Ukraine is already using ERAM on its American-made F-16 fighters. In August 2025, the Trump administration announced an $825 million sale of 3,350 ERAMs to Ukraine. In June 2026, Ukrainian media suggested that Ukraine has used the AGM-188A Rusty Dagger — an ERAM version — against the Voronezh Semiconductor Plant, which makes components for Russian missiles.
另一个问题是，美军将在多大程度上利用 ERAM。空军于 2024 年 1 月发布了最初的 RFI，距俄乌战争爆发已近两年——而距伊朗战争耗尽美国昂贵导弹库存也还有近两年时间。
Another question is to what extent the U.S. military will make use of ERAM. The Air Force published the original RFI in January 2024, nearly two years into the Ukraine War — and nearly two years before the Iran war depleted U.S. inventories of expensive missiles.