
在民主党人历史性地横扫德克萨斯州全州范围内的民选职位不到24小时后,当选州检察长内森·约翰逊周二表示,他将不再延续肯·帕克顿起诉其他州医生向德州患者邮寄堕胎药物的做法。
Less than 24 hours after a historic sweep of Texas’ statewide elected offices by Democrats, the state’s attorney general-elect Nathan Johnson said Tuesday he will not continue Ken Paxton’s practice of suing doctors in other states for sending abortion medication to patients here.
这是针对该州实施四年的近乎全面堕胎禁令发出的第一个重大信号,该禁令使得在该州几乎无法获得堕胎服务,这也很可能是让该禁令变得不那么僵化的众多调整中的第一项。在肯·帕克顿的领导下,州检察长办公室一直是该州堕胎禁令法律的有力执行者,帕克顿为竞选参议员而放弃了该职位;如今一名民主党人接任该职位,切断了全国反堕胎运动的一个有力工具。
It’s the first big salvo against the state’s four-year-old near abortion ban which makes the procedure virtually impossible to access in this state and is likely to be the first of many tweaks to make the ban less rigid. The attorney general’s office under Ken Paxton, who gave up the role to run for Senate, has been a powerful enforcer of the state’s abortion ban laws and a Democrat coming into that position cuts off a powerful tool for the country’s anti-abortion movement.
约翰逊对《德克萨斯论坛报》表示:“当人们问我关于堕胎的问题时,我做的第一件事就是指出我不是立法者,我无法改变堕胎法。我能做的是停止将德州堕胎法作为迫害、恐吓、骚扰和政治炫耀的工具。这四种情况都发生过。” 在德州,医生在州内邮寄堕胎药物属于违法,帕克顿曾起诉在其他州为患者开具该药物处方的医生,堕胎权倡导者称,这让德州人不敢获取这些药丸。这些诉讼遭遇了所谓“盾牌法”州的阻力,这些法律保护向外州邮寄堕胎药物的医生。
The first thing I do when people ask me about abortion is point out that I’m not a legislator, and I can’t change abortion law,” Johnson told The Texas Tribune. “What I can do is cease using Texas abortion laws as an instrument of persecution and intimidation, harassment and political showboating. All four of those things have happened.”It is illegal for Texas doctors to mail abortion medication within the state and Paxton has sued doctors in other states who prescribe the medication, chilling Texans from obtaining these pills, abortion advocates say. Those lawsuits have run up against blue states’ so-called shield laws that protect physicians who send abortion medications.
约翰逊表示,他将不再起诉那些州外医生。“我将不再坚持德州法律具有域外效力这一在司法上荒谬的立场。我可以尊重其他州的盾牌法。” 虽然这消除了获取堕胎药的一个障碍,但民主党人短期内不会废除堕胎禁令。
Johnson said he won’t be suing those out-of-state doctors anymore. “I will not pursue the judicially absurd position that Texas law has extra territorial effect. I can honor other states’ shield laws.”While this eliminates an obstacle to accessing abortion pills, Democrats won’t be repealing the abortion ban anytime soon.
尽管州长格雷格·阿博特越来越多地动用行政权力,但当选州长吉娜·伊诺霍萨无法仅凭一己之力合法废除堕胎禁令。她在9月还告诉《政客》杂志,废除禁令不会是优先事项,因为这需要共和党人通过相关法案,而这似乎不太可能。
Despite the increasing use of executive power by Gov. Greg Abbott, Governor-elect Gina Hinojosa cannot legally repeal the abortion ban with her own pen stroke. She also told Politico in September that repealing the ban would not be a priority because it would require Republicans to pass such a bill and that seems unlikely.
相反,休斯顿大学政治学教授布兰登·罗廷豪斯指出,她可以极大地限制该法律的适用方式。伊诺霍萨表示,她将致力于取消对实施挽救生命的堕胎手术的医生的处罚,尽管立法者去年已为这些情况中的医生提供了额外保护。
Instead, University of Houston political professor Brandon Rottinghaus points out she can greatly limit how the law is applied. Hinojosa has said that she would work to end penalties for doctors who perform life-saving abortions, although lawmakers provided additional protections for doctors in these situations last year.
他说:“她可以影响法律部分条款的实施方式,以及某些例外情况的解释方式,还有其他最终可能成为法律的合理额外限制。”
“She can influence how portions of the law are implemented, and how certain exceptions are interpreted, and other reasonable additional restrictions that might become law eventually,” he said.
反堕胎倡导者、德克萨斯生命权组织主席约翰·西戈并不担心即将到来的立法会议会通过新的“独立堕胎法案”,但他担心即将上任的民主党领导层会扭转共和党主导的数十年来在限制堕胎手术方面取得的进展。
Anti-abortion advocates like John Seago, president of Texas Right to Life, aren’t worried about a new “standalone abortion bill” being passed this upcoming session, but he is concerned incoming Democratic leadership will turn back decades of Republican-led inroads in restricting the procedure.
他预见到伊诺霍萨和其他民主党人可能会让“繁荣德克萨斯家庭”计划(原名“堕胎替代方案”计划)的运作更加困难,该计划向私人承包商拨付超过2亿美元,部分用于劝阻孕妇堕胎,并提供其他服务。他说伊诺霍萨一贯投票反对该计划,他预见到她可能会削减其资金,或将资金转移到另一个计划。
He could see Hinojosa and other Dems making it tougher for programs like the former Alternatives to Abortion program, now renamed Thriving Texas Families, which sends over $200 million to private contractors to, in part, counsel pregnant women out of abortions, among other services. He said Hinojosa has consistently voted against the program and that he could see her defunding it or transferring the funding to another program.
监督该计划的机构——德克萨斯州健康与人类服务委员会——的专员斯蒂芬妮·穆思的任命将于2月1日到期。西戈表示,他还担心伊诺霍萨可能会利用自己的任命权,安排他人负责该机构,并开始改变对这些私人承包商的审查方式。
The agency overseeing the program, the Texas Health and Human Services Commission, has an agency commissioner, Stephanie Muth, whose appointment expires Feb. 1. Seago said he also fears that Hinojosa could also use her own appointment power to put someone else in charge of the agency and begin to change how those private contractors are scrutinized.
此外,即将到来的“日落审查”程序可能赋予希诺霍萨更大的影响力。德州健康与人类服务委员会(HHSC)面临日落审查,届时立法者将决定对该机构做出哪些改变,包括撤销整个部门或机构。
There’s also the upcoming Sunset process that could grant Hinojosa greater influence. HHSC faces Sunset review, where lawmakers determine what to change within an agency, including eliminating whole departments or agencies.
面临日落审查的机构,立法者拥有更大的权力重塑预算优先事项,这也可能包括削减“繁荣德州家庭”计划的资金。
Lawmakers have broader rein to reshape budget priorities for an agency facing Sunset review and that too could include slashing funding for the Thriving Texas Families program.
该州的孕产妇死亡率与发病率审查委员会同样面临日落评估。妇女健康倡导者严厉抨击该委员会——它隶属于德州州立卫生服务部——今年延迟发布最新的两年期报告,预计该报告将包含对该州堕胎禁令生效后发生的死亡病例的审查。委员会成员还曾呼吁立法机关允许他们审查与堕胎相关的死亡病例,但未获回应。
The state’s Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee also faces a Sunset evaluation. Women’s health advocates have lambasted the committee, which is under the Texas Department of State Health Services’ purview, for delaying the release of its latest biennial report this year, which is expected to include a review of deaths that have occurred after the state’s abortion ban went into effect. Members have also called on the Legislature to allow them to review abortion-related deaths but to no avail.
此外,希诺霍萨可以提名自己的德州医学委员会委员人选。这个19人委员会中有一批成员的任期将于今年4月届满,她可以任命新委员,这些委员可能会修订委员会给医生的指导意见,内容涉及医生在为挽救患者生命而实施堕胎时所享有的法律保护。
Also Hinojosa could put in her own slate of the Texas Medical Board appointments. A block of the 19-member board has terms expiring this April and she could put appointees who could revise the board’s guidance to physicians about the legal protections they have when they perform an abortion to save a patient’s life.
两年前,德州医学委员会向医生发布的指导意见远未达到医疗倡导者的期望。最初,即使在德州最高法院要求他们“评估各种假设情形、提供最佳实践、划定红线等”之后,该小组仍犹豫是否提供对州法律中医疗例外条款的解释。德州医学委员会重新修订了指导意见,但许多人仍不满意,认为它将过重的负担放在了医生身上,要求医生在争分夺秒抢救产妇生命时做出判断。
Two years ago, the TMB issued guidance to doctors that fell far short of what health care advocates had wanted. At first, the panel was hesitant to offer how to interpret medical exceptions to the state law even after the Texas Supreme Court called on them to “assess various hypothetical circumstances, provide best practices, identify red lines, and the like.”The TMB reworked the guidance but many were still unsatisfied saying it put too much of a burden on the doctor making the shots when seconds count to save a mother’s life.
西戈还表示,尽管约翰逊宣布拒绝主动追查来自其他州的药物流向,但他有信心其他州将继续发起自己的挑战,以阻止堕胎药通过邮寄方式流入。他补充说,该州允许私人起诉违反德州堕胎禁令的堕胎药提供者的“赏金猎人”法,在下一届立法会议期间不会被重新审视,将继续保留在法典中。
Seago is also confident that despite Johnson’s announced refusal to actively pursue the flow of drugs from other states, other states will continue their own challenges to stop abortion medication coming by mail. He adds that the state’s “bounty hunter” law that allows private lawsuits against abortion medication providers who violate the Texas abortion ban will not be revisited this next session and will remain on the books.
尽管如此,像全州倡导堕胎权利和生殖权利组织 Avow Texas 的执行董事雷文·E·弗里伯恩这样的堕胎生殖权利倡导者,不会让参议院的共和党多数派阻止她们试图通过新法律来废除堕胎禁令。
Still, abortion reproductive advocates like raven e. Freeborn, executive director of Avow Texas, a statewide group advocating for abortion access and reproductive rights in Texas, will not let the Senate’s Republican majority prevent them from trying to undo the abortion ban with a new law.
“我们追求的是最不妥协的堕胎权利愿景,即无例外的堕胎权利,”弗里伯恩说。“我认为,审视当下的这个机会、对我们当下迫切需要的世界保持坚定不移,这很重要。”
“We’re going for the most unapologetic vision of abortion access, which is abortion access without exceptions,” said Freeborn. “I think it’s important for us to look at this opportunity in this moment and to be as unwavering about the world that we need immediately.”
她指出,共和党在德州将堕胎定为非法花了几十年时间,她的组织已为一场长期斗争做好准备。“他们不是在一个立法会议上就完成的,但他们在叙事上始终如一。所以我们也要同样大胆地挺身而出。”
She pointed to how it took decades for the GOP to outlaw abortion in Texas and her group is prepared for a long fight. “They didn’t do that in one legislative session but they were consistent in what they were narrating. And so we’re stepping up to be just as bold.”
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