牛津气候政策监测站发布的数据显示，占全球GDP 58% 的主要经济体已采取至少一项措施限制清洁能源技术进口，其中许多措施针对中国商品。相比之下，中国以外占全球GDP约 8% 的大量小型经济体正在放宽电动汽车、电池以及风能和太阳能设备的进口，形成了一个事实上的清洁技术自由贸易区。
Major economies representing 58% of the world’s GDP have adopted at least one measure to restrict the import of clean energy technologies, many targeting Chinese goods, according to data published by the Oxford Climate Policy Monitor. In contrast, a large number of small economies outside China, accounting for about 8% of world GDP, are liberalising imports of EVs, batteries, along with wind and solar equipment, creating a de facto free trade area for clean tech.
牛津大学布拉瓦特尼克政府学院的分析发现，限制措施正在使转型变得更慢、成本更高，但也可能是平衡有效气候政策与工业发展及经济安全所必需的。“开放与保护可以结合，而非完全对立取舍，”该报告指出。大型经济体可采取更具选择性的贸易限制，而非试图建立完全自给自足的产业；小型国家则可专注于制造业的特定环节。“我们的研究发现表明，许多国家已开始实施这一策略，”该简报合著者克拉斯·默滕斯说。
Analysis by the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford found that restrictions are making the transition slower and more expensive, but they may also be needed to balance effective climate policy with industrial development and economic security. “Openness and protection can be combined, rather than traded off wholesale,” it said. Large economies could pursue more selective trade restrictions instead of trying to build entirely self-sufficient industries, while smaller countries could specialise in particular stages of manufacturing. “Our findings show that many countries have begun to implement this strategy,” said Claas Mertens, the brief’s co-author. — Chloé Farand