朱莉娅·弗兰克尔 耶路撒冷 —— 随着美国设立的“和平委员会”推进重建加沙的计划，据称联合国那个为流离失所巴勒斯坦人提供了数十年支持的机构已无立足之地。但该机构最近的负责人表示，幕后情况是，委员会成员和其他人比表面上看起来更愿意与联合国巴勒斯坦机构合作。
JULIA FRANKEL JERUSALEM — As the U.S.-created Board of Peace pushes ahead with plans to rebuild Gaza , it’s said there’s no place for the U.N. body that for decades has provided support to displaced Palestinians. But the agency’s most recent head says that behind the scenes, board members and others have been more open to working with the U.N. agency for Palestinians than it seems.
以色列希望该机构退出加沙，并多次指控其被哈马斯武装分子渗透，国际法院称这些指控未经证实。尽管如此，近东救济工程处仍是该地区最大的援助提供者，在卫生和教育领域发挥着关键作用。
Israel wants the agency out of Gaza and has repeatedly accused it of being infiltrated by Hamas militants, allegations that the International Court of Justice says have not been substantiated. And yet UNRWA remains the territory’s largest aid provider, playing a key role in health and education.
菲利普·拉扎里尼曾任近东救济工程处负责人直到今年早些时候，他告诉美联社，巴勒斯坦技术官僚委员会的成员希望与该机构合作。另一位联合国官员向美联社分享了会议纪要，显示近东救济工程处与该委员会曾讨论在加沙计划上合作。
Philippe Lazzarini, who was head of UNRWA until earlier this year, told The Associated Press that members of the Palestinian technocratic committee want to work with the agency. Another U.N. official shared with AP minutes from meetings where UNRWA and the committee discussed collaborating on plans for Gaza.
一位“和平委员会”官员证实，委员会成员曾多次与近东救济工程处官员会面。该官员称，该机构的日子已屈指可数，但因未获授权接受媒体采访，要求匿名。
A Board of Peace official confirmed that board members had met multiple times with UNRWA officials. The agency’s days are over, the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media.
但该官员补充道，其项目“如果能很好地服务加沙民众，可能会继续保留”。以色列外交部在被问及这些言论时未予回应。
But its programs “may persist if they are serving Gazans well,” the official added.
自停火以来已近一年，加沙仍未重建。以色列仍阻止“和平委员会”选定的、最终将治理加沙地带的巴勒斯坦委员会入内，称哈马斯必须先解除武装。委员会表示，一旦该委员会进入加沙地带，便可全面启动其加沙计划。
Israel’s foreign ministry did not respond when asked about these remarks. There’s been no reconstruction in Gaza, almost a year since the ceasefire. Israel still prevents the entry of the Palestinian committee chosen by the Board of Peace to eventually govern the strip, saying Hamas must first disarm. The Board says it can activate its plans for Gaza in earnest once the committee gets inside the strip.
这使得近东救济工程处（UNRWA）成为加沙地面上人员最多的联合国机构或非政府组织。拉扎里尼表示，该机构支撑着加沙约一半的公共卫生系统，他的最后一个工作日是3月31日。他计划今年出版一本关于其任期的书。
That’s left UNRWA on the ground in Gaza, with far more workers than any other U.N. agency or nongovernmental organization. It props up about half of Gaza’s public health system, said Lazzarini, whose last working day was March 31. He plans to publish a book this year about his tenure.
“他们想取消该机构，但另一方面他们也知道，如果今天彻底取消该机构，可能会对民众造成进一步的毁灭性打击，”拉扎里尼说。
“They want to get rid of the agency, but on the other hand they know that if you get completely rid of the agency today, it might have a further additional devastating impact on the population,” Lazzarini said.
在这场由哈马斯于2023年10月7日发动的对以色列南部袭击引发的战争期间，近东救济工程处曾暂时承担起协调援助物资进入和分发至这片被围困的巴勒斯坦领土的更大角色。以色列对该机构的打击使其这一职能瘫痪，禁止近东救济工程处的国际员工和人道主义援助进入加沙。但拉扎里尼表示，近东救济工程处的核心项目得以保留。
During the war, sparked by the Hamas-led attack on southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, UNRWA temporarily took on a larger role coordinating the entry and distribution of aid into the besieged Palestinian territory. Israel’s attacks on the agency neutered that role, banning UNRWA international staff and humanitarian aid from entering Gaza.
该机构称，其在加沙仍有约1.1万名巴勒斯坦员工。他们每天平均进行1.4万次医疗预约，为超过100万巴勒斯坦人维护供水和废物管理系统，为超过28万名儿童开设数字素养和数学课程，并为6万名儿童提供临时学习场所。
But UNRWA’s core programs remained, Lazzarini said. It still has around 11,000 Palestinian employees in Gaza. They conduct an average of 14,000 medical appointments daily, maintain water and waste management systems for over a million Palestinians, run digital literacy and math programs for over 280,000 children and staff temporary learning spaces for 60,000 more, UNRWA says.
拉扎里尼说，近东救济工程处确保援助送达民众手中。“如果你想让疫苗最终送进孩子们嘴里，你仍然需要劳动力，需要像我们这样的机构在场。”公开场合上，该机构未被纳入“和平委员会”对加沙的规划中。在周三的委员会简报会上，成员们提到多个联合国机构将作为该领土重建的合作伙伴，但未提及近东救济工程处。
UNRWA makes sure aid reaches people, Lazzarini said. “If you want the vaccine to end up in the mouths of the children, you still need the workforce, the presence of an agency like ours.” Publicly, the agency has not been included in the Board of Peace’s planning for Gaza. At Wednesday’s board briefing, members named various U.N. agencies as partners in the territory’s reconstruction, but not UNRWA.
然而，拉扎里尼表示，在幕后，未来将治理加沙的巴勒斯坦委员会承认近东救济工程规划工作必不可少。
However, behind the scenes, the Palestinian committee that will eventually govern Gaza acknowledged that UNRWA is necessary for planning, Lazzarini said.
两名高级联合国官员和一名委员会官员告诉美联社，自停火协议签署以来，该委员会已多次与近东救济工程处会面。
Two senior U.N. officials and the board official told the AP the board had met multiple times with UNRWA since the ceasefire was signed.
联合国高级官员因未获授权向媒体通报情况而要求匿名，他们证实今年至少举行了三次近东救济工程处（UNRWA）官员与巴勒斯坦委员会的会议，最近一次是本月。其中两次发生在拉扎里尼任期内。两位官员均表示，全国行动小组（NCAG）与近东救济工程处在技术事务上保持持续沟通。
The senior U.N. officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to brief the media, confirmed at least three meetings between UNRWA officials and the Palestinian committee this year, most recently this month. Two took place during Lazzarini’s tenure. Both officials said the NCAG and UNRWA were in ongoing communication on technical matters.
美联社获得的4月会议纪要显示，巴勒斯坦委员会表示近东救济工程处可牵头难民营重建工作，并指出，“这也是一个高度政治化的问题。”拉扎里尼称，在其任期即将结束前，他与巴勒斯坦委员会负责人、巴勒斯坦权力机构前副部长阿里·沙特进行了交谈。
A readout of the April meeting, obtained by the AP, says the Palestinian committee stated UNRWA could lead efforts to reconstruct refugee camps, noting, “this is also a highly political issue.” Shortly before the end of his tenure, Lazzarini said, he spoke to Ali Shaath, a former Palestinian Authority deputy minister who leads the Palestinian committee.
拉扎里尼说：“基本上，他说，‘没有你们我不知道如何能成功’。”沙特及其发言人未回应置评请求。
“Basically, he said, ‘I don’t know how I can succeed without you’,” Lazzarini said. Shaath and a spokesperson did not respond to requests for comment.
一份关于1月26日在开罗举行的、未邀请近东救济工程处参与的会议的内部联合国描述称，沙特赞扬了该机构，表现出明确意愿希望其重回正轨，并表示巴勒斯坦委员会的体系将在很大程度上建立在其工作基础之上。
An internal U.N. description of a Jan. 26 meeting in Cairo, held without UNRWA, said Shaath praised the agency, showed a clear intention to see it back on track and said the Palestinian committee’s system would largely build on its work.
一位联合国高级官员透露，作为和平委员会合作伙伴的托尼·布莱尔研究所也曾请求近东救济工程处提供帮助，并与该机构人员进行了交谈。该研究所未回应置评请求。
The Tony Blair Institute, a Board of Peace partner, also asked for UNRWA’s help and spoke to UNRWA personnel, one senior U.N. official said. The institute did not respond to a request for comment.
在6月30日为近东救济工程处举行的捐助会议上，该机构现任代理负责人克里斯蒂安·桑德斯称其对于和平委员会和巴勒斯坦委员会推动停火协议向前发展“至关重要”。
At a pledging conference for UNRWA on June 30, the agency’s current acting chief, Christian Saunders, called it “vital” to efforts by the board and the Palestinian committee to move forward with the ceasefire.
和平委员会官员则描绘了一幅不同的图景，称会议重点在于弄清近东救济工程处的运作方式，以制定“效率高得多、问责制强得多”的计划。
But the Board of Peace official painted a different picture, saying the meetings focused on determining how UNRWA’s operations work in order to develop programs that are “far more efficient and accountable.”
“近东救济工程处的日子到头了，”该官员说。不过，其员工“如果通过审查，且履行职责、不宣扬意识形态或为哈马斯利益服务，将会留任。”
“UNRWA’s days are over,” the official said. Still, its employees ”will remain if they pass vetting and are delivering on their mandate and not advancing ideology or Hamas interests.”
拉扎里尼称这是“荒谬的矛盾”——和平委员会说不需要近东救济工程处，而联合国成员国却“指望它提供服务”。近东救济工程处成立于1948年第一次中东战争期间，旨在帮助逃离或被驱逐出现以色列领土的巴勒斯坦人。
Lazzarini said it’s an “absurd contradiction” — the Board of Peace says UNRWA is not wanted while U.N. member countries “expect it to deliver.” UNRWA was established to help Palestinians who fled or were driven out of what is now Israel during the 1948 war surrounding its creation .
2024年1月，以色列声称有数百名巴勒斯坦武装分子在该机构工作，且十多名员工参与了10月7日的袭击，但未提供证据。
In January 2024, Israel claimed, without providing proof, that hundreds of Palestinian militants worked for the agency and that over a dozen of its employees took part in the Oct. 7 attack.
拉扎里尼表示，尽管他曾向以色列和联合国成员国索要，但从未获得支持这些指控的书面证据，但他不后悔解雇被指控参与袭击的员工的决定。
Lazzarini said that he was never given written evidence to back up the allegations despite asking Israel and UN member states, but that he doesn’t regret his decision to fire the employees accused of taking part in the attack.
“我这么做是因为这符合机构和我们援助对象的最大利益，”拉扎里尼说，并补充称他遭遇了“极其恶毒、卑劣的社交媒体攻击”，还在街头遭到辱骂，“在日内瓦和纽约”都曾被“亲以色列团体”高声谩骂。他的新书《加沙见证：无法抹去的记忆》将于10月出版法文版，英文版将随后推出。
“I did because it was in the best interest of the agency and the population we were helping,” Lazzarini said, adding that he has faced “extraordinary vicious, heinous attacks on social media” as well as being accosted in the streets, “in Geneva and in New York” and shouted at by “pro-Israeli groups.” His book, “A Witness to Gaza: What Cannot Be Erased,” will be published in French in October, with an English version to follow.