不可否认，社会主义正在崛起——至少在美国的受欢迎程度正在上升。
It’s undeniable. Socialism is on the rise—or at least growing in popularity in the U.S.
43%的美国人对社会主义持积极看法，这一比例是盖洛普（Gallup）自2010年开始进行相关调查以来的最高值。最新调查显示，随着一些以市场为导向的经济理念逐渐失宠，社会主义的受欢迎程度逐渐上升。如今，社会主义的支持率已经超过了大型企业的支持率；大型企业的支持率已从2012年的58%下降至35%。
Forty-three percent of Americans have a positive view of socialism, the highest share since Gallup began tracking the measure since 2010. The latest survey, conducted Aug. 3-24, found that socialism has gained ground over time as several market-oriented economic concepts have lost favor. It now ranks ahead of big business, which has fallen to a positive rating of 35% from a peak of 58% in 2012.
尽管如此，资本主义和自由企业制度仍然比社会主义更受欢迎。不过，资本主义的积极支持率已从2010年和2012年的61%下降至55%，而自由企业的支持率则从2012年的89%下降至77%。小型企业依然是最受青睐的经济体制，其支持率在2010年至今基本保持不变（仍为95%）。
Capitalism and free enterprise are still more popular than socialism. Capitalism’s positive rating, however, has fallen to 55% from a peak of 61% in 2010 and 2012. Free enterprise is now favored at 77%, compared to its peak of 89% in 2012. Small business remains the most favored economic system at 95%, relatively unchanged in 2010.
然而，这些数据掩盖了党派之间的巨大分歧：民主党人对社会主义的认同度明显高于共和党人，且他们的态度随着时间的推移变得更加积极。
Those figures, however, mask sharp partisan differences. Democrats view socialism much more favorably than Republicans do, and their views have become more positive over time.
这一转变的背后，是进步派和民主社会主义者在多场关键的民主党初选中击败了传统派候选人。例如，佐赫兰·马姆达尼（Zohran Mamdani）去年当选为纽约市市长，这标志着美国民主社会主义者组织（Democratic Socialists of America, DSA）的重大突破。今年6月，他推荐的所有三位候选人在纽约市的国会初选中都击败了传统派的民主党候选人。
This shift has come as progressives and democratic socialists have defeated establishment candidates in several key Democratic primary contests. Zohran Mamdani’s election as New York City Mayor last year marked a breakthrough for the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA). In June, all three of his endorsed candidates won against establishment Democrats in congressional primaries in New York City.
进步派还在其他地方赢得了重要的初选胜利，包括密歇根州的参议院候选人阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德（Abdul El-Sayed）和明尼苏达州的佩吉·弗拉纳根（Peggy Flanagan）；这两位候选人并未公开宣称自己支持社会主义。此外，科罗拉多州的众议院候选人梅拉特·基罗斯（Melat Kiros）和宾夕法尼亚州的克里斯·拉布（Chris Rabb）也属于民主社会主义者阵营。民主社会主义者弗朗西斯卡·洪（Francesca Hong）在威斯康星州的州长初选中虽然惜败，但该州历来是政治竞争激烈的地区。
Progressives also won high-profile primaries elsewhere, including Senate candidates Abdul El-Sayed in Michigan and Peggy Flanagan in Minnesota, both of whom have not adopted the socialist label, as well as DSA members and House candidates Melat Kiros in Colorado and Chris Rabb in Pennsylvania. Democratic socialist Francesca Hong narrowly lost in the gubernatorial primary in Wisconsin, a battleground state.
正如布鲁金斯学会分析人士所称的一个“民主党社会主义者协会（DSA）之夏”，这“表明对民主党建制派的不满，以及在后拜登时代，反对年迈官员的情绪可以被年轻、有魅力的DSA候选人所利用——这反映出了一种超越意识形态的、对党内领导层的不满情绪。”共和党人试图将这些胜利描述为民主党在11月中期选举前向左倾斜过头的证据，而民主党领导层则试图淡化对该党发展方向的担忧。2025年11月，众议院以285票对98票通过了一项谴责“社会主义恐怖”的决议；在此之前，本月早些时候通过的另一项谴责社会主义的决议获得了220票赞成、192票反对。库克政治报告（Cook Political Report）在7月进行的一项分析发现，中左翼候选人在决定国会控制权的关键竞争激烈的众议院席位初选中占主导地位，这表明进步派的胜利可能并不意味着全国范围内正向左转型。
What Brookings analysts dubbed a “DSA summer” serves to “signal that unhappiness with the Democratic establishment and, in the post-Biden world, opposition to elderly officeholders can be leveraged by young, charismatic DSA candidates—and reflect an impatience with party leadership that transcends ideology.” Republicans have sought to portray those victories as evidence that the Democratic Party is moving too far left ahead of the November midterm elections, while Democratic leaders have tried to temper concerns about the party’s direction. In November 2025, the House voted 285-98 to approve a resolution denouncing the “horrors of socialism,” which was followed by another resolution condemning socialism that passed 220-192 earlier this month. A July analysis by the Cook Political Report found that center-left candidates dominated primaries in the competitive House seats most likely to determine control of Congress, suggesting that progressive victories may not signal a leftward shift across the country.
布鲁金斯学会8月份的分析指出：“如果左翼候选人设法在摇摆选区获胜，他们的整体运动将得到加强。如果他们输掉了被认为可以赢下的选区，并导致民主党失去对众议院和参议院的控制，他们在主流政坛的存在感可能会减弱。”尽管如此，美国公众看法的转变可能表明，人们对这个曾经的政治禁忌话题表现出越来越多的接受度。以下是最新民调的结果。党派分歧 社会主义在美国并没有普遍获得越来越高的支持率。
“If left-wing nominees manage to win in swing districts, their overall movement will be strengthened,” the August Brookings analysis said. “If they lose districts deemed winnable and cost Democrats control of the House and Senate, their mainstream presence will likely be diminished.” Still, changing views among the American public could indicate growing openness to what was once a political red line. Here’s what the latest polls say. Partisan split Socialism isn’t gaining popularity universally in the U.S.
到2025年为止，社会主义好感度的上升主要归功于民主党人对其好感度的不断增加。根据盖洛普（Gallup）的数据，2010年有50%的民主党人对社会主义持正面看法。这一数字去年上升至66%，今年则保持在65%，相对没有变化。随着民主党人对自由企业的正面看法自2021年以来急剧下降，社会主义在民主党人中的好感度现在已经与自由企业持平。
Most of the increase in socialism’s positive rating through 2025 came from growing favorability among Democrats. In 2010, 50% of Democrats viewed socialism positively, according to Gallup. That rose to 66% last year, and remained relatively unchanged at 65% this year. Socialism now matches free enterprise in favorability among Democrats, following a sharp decline in their positive views of free enterprise since 2021.
自2016年以来，民主党人对社会主义的认同度普遍高于对资本主义的认同度。当年，54%的民主党人对资本主义持积极态度，而60%的民主党人对社会主义持积极态度。这一年对“民主社会主义者协会”（DSA）来说是一个重要的转折点——长期担任参议员的伯尼·桑德斯（Bernie Sanders，来自佛蒙特州）在竞选总统期间使该组织获得了全国性的关注。
Democrats have also viewed socialism more favorably than capitalism since 2016, when 54% of Democrats viewed capitalism positively, while 60% viewed socialism positively. That year marked a breakthrough for the DSA as longtime Senator Bernie Sanders (I, Vt.) brought the organization to national attention during his presidential run. Capitalism’s positive rating has further fallen among Democrats, declining from 42% last year to 35%.
如今，民主党人对资本主义的积极评价进一步下降，从去年的42%降至35%。
Other polls have found a similar pattern among Democrats. A CBS/YouGov poll, conducted Aug. 12-14, found that 58% of Democrats viewed socialism positively, compared to 32% for capitalism. College-educated Democrats were especially positive about socialism, with 71% viewing it favorably.
其他民调也显示了类似的趋势。CBS/YouGov于8月12日至14日进行的一项调查显示，58%的民主党人对社会主义持积极态度，而对资本主义的积极评价仅为32%。受过高等教育的民主党人对社会主义的认同度尤其高，其中71%的人对社会主义持积极看法。
Other polls have found a similar pattern among Democrats. A CBS/YouGov poll, conducted Aug. 12-14, found that 58% of Democrats viewed socialism positively, compared to 32% for capitalism. College-educated Democrats were especially positive about socialism, with 71% viewing it favorably. Meanwhile, 50% of Democrats viewed capitalism negatively, compared with 18% for socialism. That contrasts with the broader public, which overall favored capitalism to socialism.
与此同时，50%的民主党人对资本主义持消极态度，而对社会主义的消极评价仅为18%。这与更广泛的公众观点形成对比——在公众中，总体上更倾向于支持资本主义而非社会主义。
The poll also found that half of Democrats viewed the label “democratic socialist” positively.
该民调还发现，有一半的民主党人对“民主社会主义者”这一标签持积极态度。
A Marquette Law School poll highlighted by CNN in June similarly found that the DSA had a higher net favorability among Democrats and Democrat-leaning independents than Democrats in Congress by 13 points. A national survey conducted by Data for Progress in August 2025 found that Democrats preferred democratic socialism to capitalism by a 58-percentage-point margin.
6月，CNN援引马凯特法学院（Marquette Law School）的一项民调指出，“民主社会主义者协会”在民主党人及倾向于民主党的独立选民中的支持率比国会中的民主党人高出13个百分点。2025年8月，Data for Progress组织进行的一项全国性调查显示，民主党人更倾向于选择民主社会主义，其支持率比资本主义高出58个百分点。
A Marquette Law School poll highlighted by CNN in June similarly found that the DSA had a higher net favorability among Democrats and Democrat-leaning independents than Democrats in Congress by 13 points. A national survey conducted by Data for Progress in August 2025 found that Democrats preferred democratic socialism to capitalism by a 58-percentage-point margin.
在政治独立选民中，社会主义的受欢迎程度也在上升，这推动了最新盖洛普（Gallup）民调中社会主义支持率的整体上升。独立选民中对社会主义持积极态度的比例从去年的37%上升至45%，而对企业（尤其是大型企业）的则创下新低（降至32%）。不过，在独立选民中，资本主义、自由企业及小型企业的受欢迎程度仍高于社会主义。
Socialism has also grown in popularity among political independents, accounting for the overall boost to socialism’s favorability in the latest Gallup poll. The share of independents rating socialism positively rose from 37% last year to 45%, surpassing big business which fell to a record low of 32%. Capitalism, free enterprise, and small business still ranked above socialism in favorability among independents. Republicans remained overwhelmingly skeptical of socialism, with just 14% viewing it positively. Large majorities of Republicans continued to have positive views of small business, free enterprise, and capitalism, while 62% of Republicans viewed big business positively.
共和党人对社会主义依然抱有压倒性的怀疑态度，仅有14%的人对其持正面看法。绝大多数共和党人继续对小企业、自由企业和资本主义持正面看法，同时有62%的共和党人对大企业持正面看法。
Republicans remained overwhelmingly skeptical of socialism, with just 14% viewing it positively. Large majorities of Republicans continued to have positive views of small business, free enterprise, and capitalism, while 62% of Republicans viewed big business positively.
尽管如此，根据盖洛普（Gallup）8月份的一项分析，美国人的经济观点比最初的结果所显示的要更为复杂。该报告基于开放式调查问卷的回应得出结论：尽管人们担心资本主义会引发经济不平等和过度的企业权力，但社会对经济竞争和市场选择等自由市场原则有着广泛的支持。
Still, Americans’ economic views are more complicated than the results might initially suggest, according to a Gallup analysis from August. The report, based on open-ended survey responses, found there is broad support for free-market principles like economic competition and market choice, despite concerns about capitalism spurring economic inequality and excessive corporate power.
与此同时，CBS/YouGov的民调发现，对政府干预的支持跨越了党派界限，有75%的民主党人、62%的无党派人士以及54%的共和党人支持政府进行价格管制。
The CBS/YouGov poll, meanwhile, found that support for government intervention crossed party lines, with 75% of Democrats, 62% of independents, and 54% of Republicans supporting government price controls.
“进步数据”（Data for Progress）民调则显示，在1257名受访者中，有70%的人表示美国的经济体系“被操纵以偏袒大企业和富人”，并赞成将其替换为一个“给劳动人民公平机会”的体系，其中包括67%的无党派人士和58%的共和党人。此外，83%的受访者（包括81%的无党派人士和80%的共和党人）认同社会工作和心理健康是公共安全预算中不可或缺的部分。代际差异 民调显示，年轻的美国人对社会主义的接受度更高。
And the Data for Progress survey showed 70% of 1,257 respondents said the U.S. economic system is “rigged in favor of corporations and the wealthy” and favored replacing it with one that “gives working people a fair shot,” including 67% of independents and 58% of Republicans. Additionally, 83% of respondents, including 81% of independents and 80% of Republicans, agreed that social work and mental health are necessary parts of a public safety budget. Generational differences Younger Americans are more receptive to socialism, polls show.
根据盖洛普的数据，57%的18至34岁美国人对社会主义持正面看法，而对资本主义持正面看法的比例为43%。年长人群的情况则相反：在55岁及以上的成年人中，65%的人对资本主义持正面看法，而34%的人对社会主义持正面看法。在35至54岁的美国人中，50%的人对资本主义给出，45%的人对社会主义给出。
According to Gallup, 57% of Americans aged 18 to 34 viewed socialism positively, compared with 43% for capitalism. The pattern was reversed among older adults: 65% of those aged 55 and older viewed capitalism positively, while 34% viewed socialism positively. Of Americans aged 35 to 54, 50% rated capitalism positively, while 45% rated socialism positively.
8月份CBS/YouGov民意调查还发现，年轻的美国人更有可能感觉到经济机遇在萎缩。在30岁以下的美国成年人中，54%的人表示他们成功的机会比父母那辈更糟，而65岁及以上的受访者中这一比例为31%。在30岁以下的受访者中，80%的人还表示，与前几代人相比，他们这一代人买房或拥有住房更加困难，同时71%的人认为获得财务保障的前景更糟，64%的人认为获得好工作的机会更糟。
The August CBS/YouGov poll also found that younger Americans were more likely to perceive shrinking economic opportunities. Fifty-four percent of American adults under 30 said their opportunities to succeed are worse than their parents’ generation’s, compared with 31% of those aged 65 and older. Of those under 30, 80% also said buying or owning a home is harder for their generation than previous generations, while 71% saw worse prospects for financial security and 64% for having a good job.
在30岁以下的年轻人中，61%的人认为美国经济体制在一定程度上或非常不公平。43%的人对社会主义持正面看法，相比之下，对资本主义持正面看法的比例为38%。相比之下，65岁及以上的受访者中，30%的人对社会主义持正面看法，59%的人对资本主义持正面看法。
Among those under 30, 61% described the U.S. economic system as somewhat or very unfair. Socialism was viewed positively by 43%, compared with 38% for capitalism. By contrast, 30% of those 65 and older viewed socialism positively and 59% viewed capitalism positively.