吉亚达·赞帕诺，苏曼·奈沙德姆 马德里报道 — 周六，数千人走上马德里街头，抗议西班牙的住房危机，要求采取保护租户措施、反欺诈规则，以及禁止在无替代住房情况下驱逐租户。
GIADA ZAMPANO, SUMAN NAISHADHAM MADRID — Thousands of people took to the streets in Madrid on Saturday to protest against Spain’s housing crisis and ask for protective measures for tenants, anti-fraud rules, and a ban on evictions without alternative housing.
这场最新的住房抗议活动，源于周三一名87岁老妇在马德里居住数十年的公寓中被强行驱逐的戏剧性一幕。
The latest protest about housing was sparked by the dramatic eviction on Wednesday of an 87-year-old woman from the Madrid apartment she had lived in for decades.
这位名为玛丽亚·德尔·卡门·阿瓦斯卡尔的老妇，在高档的雷蒂罗区被抬着担架抬出家门，装上救护车时，迎接她的是抗议者和支持者。
Taken out of her home on a stretcher in the upscale Retiro neighborhood, María del Carmen Abascal was greeted by protesters and supporters as she was loaded into an ambulance.
西班牙媒体报道，阿瓦斯卡尔的父亲于1956年首次租下该房产，父母去世后她继续作为租户居住，期间一直受租金上限保护。
Spanish media reported that Abascal’s father first rented the property in 1956 and she continued as the tenant after her parents died, during which time there was a rent cap.
据组织周六抗议活动的马德里租户工会称，该楼宇于2018年易主，阿瓦斯卡尔曾获购买公寓的机会，但因经济拮据未能成行。
The building changed ownership in 2018, and Abascal was offered the opportunity to buy the apartment but could not afford it, according to the Madrid Tenants’ Union, which organized Saturday’s protest .
后来收购该单元的投资基金Urbagestión将其月租金从500欧元（约合570美元）大幅上调至2650欧元。随后虽降至1650欧元，但阿瓦斯卡尔靠养老金仍负担不起，工会表示。
Urbagestión, an investment fund that later bought the unit, raised her monthly rent from 500 euros ($570) to 2,650 euros. It subsequently lowered the rent to 1,650 euros, which Abascal still could not afford on her pension, the union said.
法院此前已叫停三次驱逐尝试。大量媒体报道使阿瓦斯卡尔成为西班牙住房危机的象征。
Courts blocked three previous attempts to evict her. Extensive media coverage turned Abascal into a symbol of Spain’s housing crisis.
阿瓦斯卡尔在租户工会周五分享的一段视频中说：“我未能保住自己的家，但我已奋斗过，让他人学会为属于自己的东西而战。”该视频是在驱逐发生后，从她的病床上录制的。
“I haven’t managed to defend my home, but I have fought so that others can learn to fight for what’s theirs,” Abascal said in a video shared on Friday by the tenants’ union. The video was recorded from her hospital bed after the eviction.
尽管西班牙作为欧洲第四大经济体保持强劲经济增长，但不断上涨的成本和住房短缺，仍让许多西班牙人买不起房、租不起房。收入增长未能跟上步伐。分析师指出，旅游业和移民推动的城市人口增长，进一步加剧了有限住房供应的压力。
Rising costs and a housing shortage are pricing many Spaniards out of the market , despite strong economic growth in Europe’s fourth-largest economy. Incomes have not kept pace. Analysts say tourism and immigration-driven population growth in cities have placed further pressure on the limited housing supply.
西班牙央行估计，该国去年住房短缺约55万套，马德里、巴塞罗那和瓦伦西亚占了相当大的比例。
The Bank of Spain estimated that the country had a shortage of about 550,000 homes last year, with Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia accounting for a substantial Spain ranks near the bottom of countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development for public rental housing, which represents less than 2% of its available supply. The European Union average is 8%.
西班牙在经济合作与发展组织成员国中，公共租赁住房占比排名靠后，仅占其可用住房供应的2%以下。欧盟平均水平为8%。
Spain previously built homes with public funds that were later sold into private ownership, removing them from the public housing stock.
西班牙此前曾用公共资金建设住房，但后来将其出售给私人，导致这些住房不再属于公共住房存量。赞帕诺在罗马发稿。
Zampano reported from Rome.