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这些州正争相成为美国太空学院的所在地These states are scrambling to become home to a US Space Academy

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近日,白宫宣布将成立美国太空学院。它并非像西点军校或安纳波利斯海军学院那样的传统军校,因为一部分毕业生将进入太空军,另一部分则将进入美国国家航空航天局(NASA)或民用领域。拟议中的太空学院具体框架仍在筹划之中,课程设置、师资安排、合作项目,甚至——想必——橄榄球队的名称都尚未确定。由NASA局长贾雷德·艾萨克曼主持的委员会将在120天内提交一份提案。与此同时,美国多个州正争相争取成为太空学院的选址地。参与竞争的各州都知道,太空学院最初将在当地提供大量建筑就业岗位,并在建成后带来其他就业机会和经济收益。据Payload Space报道,各州需提供至少300英亩、毗邻NASA设施或高等学校的土地,并且能够容纳1200名学生,最终扩至4000名。各州的提案预计将于10月26日前提交。在可能成为太空学院所在地的州中,至少有三个似乎处于领先位置:得克萨斯州、佛罗里达州和阿拉巴马州。这三个州都拥有重要的NASA中心,并在学术航天和商业航天领域具备强大实力。目前,得克萨斯州正竭尽全力争取太空学院落户。州长格雷格·阿博特(共和党)已成立一个领导小组,负责制定该州的提案。得克萨斯州州众议员格雷格·博嫩(共和党)负责协调这项工作,其中包括得克萨斯州太空委员会。参议员特德·克鲁兹(共和党—得克萨斯州)和众议员布莱恩·巴宾(共和党—得克萨斯州)联合发表新闻稿,宣传得克萨斯州是太空学院的所在地。

Recently, the White House announced the establishment of a U.S. Space Academy. It is not a traditional service academy like West Point or Annapolis, as some graduates will go into the Space Force, while others will go to NASA or the civilian sector. The exact framework of the proposed Space Academy is still a work in progress, where curriculum, the faculty, partnerships and, one supposes, even the name of the football team have yet to be determined. A committee chaired by NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman will present a proposal within 120 days. In the meantime, several U.S. states are scrambling to be selected as the site for the Space Academy. The states vying for it know that it will provide a great many construction jobs initially in addition to other jobs and economic benefit after the place is built. According to Payload Space, the states would have to provide at least 300 acres with proximity to a NASA facility or an institution of higher learning, and be able to accommodate 1,200 students, eventually increasing to 4,000. Proposals are expected by Oct. 26. Of the states that might become the site of the Space Academy, at least three would seem to be the front runners: Texas, Florida and Alabama. Each has an important NASA center along with a strong academic and commercial space presence. Currently, Texas is exerting the maximum effort to attract the Space Academy. Gov. Greg Abbott (R) has established a leadership team to formulate the state’s proposal. State Rep. Greg Bonnen (R-Texas) is in charge of the effort that will include the Texas Space Commission. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and Rep. Brian Babbin (R-Texas) issued a joint press release touting Texas as the site of the Space Academy. "If America is going to build the world’s premier academy for space, Texas has all the right stuff — the talent, institutions, infrastructure, and experience to launch the next generation of American space leaders.” It should be noted that Cruz is the chair of the Senate Commerce Committee and Babbin is the chair of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, which would have crucial roles in approving Space Academy legislation. Other possibilities include Ohio, New Mexico, Mississippi, Louisiana, Maryland and California, all of which have NASA and/or military and commercial facilities that would be a good match for the Space Academy. Ohio’s Gov. Mike Dewine (R) has formed a working group similar to Texas’s proposing Ohio as the site for the Space Academy. Florida’s two senators are making a serious effort to attract the Space Academy to their state, filing legislation, working on a request for information response with Space Florida, and leading a bipartisan congressional delegation letter to the White House. Alabama is making its case as well, with their own bipartisan congressional delegation letter to the White House touting their state. Expect a lot of arguments over which state would be the best site, coupled with the usual backroom political wheeling and dealing. Reaction to the Space Academy proposal is nearly universally positive, which is remarkable for a proposal coming from the Trump White House. However, one person is pleased to dissent. According to Ars Technica, Lori Garver, the former deputy administrator of NASA during the Obama administration, has voiced some objections, not necessary to the concept of the Space Academy, but who gets to attend. Garver points out that, since the Eisenhower administration, a bright line has been drawn between civilian space, as represented by NASA, and military space, as currently represented by the Space Force. The reason was to contrast the way the United States does space with the way its enemies, such as the old Soviet Union during the Cold War, and China now pursue space activities. The objection is not likely to be listened to, especially by the states squabbling to get the Space Academy prize. It could be argued that the bifurcation Garver is defending is not only a relic of the Cold War, considering the increasing importance of space for national security, but often honored more in the breach than the observance, with military pilots serving as NASA astronauts and NASA itself undertaking military missions during the shuttle era. The future of the American space program will likely involve joint efforts among NASA, other space agencies, the commercial sector and the Space Force. The Space Force will provide security for the planned lunar base, for example. The U.S. Space Academy will be a great way to facilitate such cooperation. Mark R. Whittington, who writes frequently about space policy, has published a political study of space exploration entitled “Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon?” as well as “The Moon, Mars and Beyond” and, most recently, “Why is America Going Back to the Moon?” He blogs at Curmudgeons Corner.

“如果美国要建立世界上顶尖的太空学院,德克萨斯州具备一切必要的条件:人才、科研机构、基础设施以及培养下一代美国太空领导者的经验。”值得注意的是,克鲁兹(Cruz)现任参议院商业委员会主席,而巴宾(Babbin)则担任众议院科学、太空和技术委员会主席,这两个委员会在批准相关立法方面将发挥关键作用。其他可能成为选址的州还包括俄亥俄州、新墨西哥州、密西西比州、路易斯安那州、马里兰州和加利福尼亚州——这些州都拥有NASA的设施,或是军事或商业相关的基础设施,非常适合建立太空学院。俄亥俄州州长迈克·杜因(Mike Dewine,共和党人)也成立了一个工作组,提议将俄亥俄州作为太空学院的所在地。佛罗里达州的两位参议员也在积极争取将太空学院设在该州,他们提交了相关立法提案,并与“太空佛罗里达”(Space Florida)组织合作获取相关信息;同时,他们还领导了一个两党联合的国会代表团致信白宫,推介佛罗里达州的候选资格。阿拉巴马州同样在努力争取这一机会,也通过两党联合的国会代表团向白宫表达了他们的诉求。关于哪个州最适合建立太空学院,预计将会引发激烈的争论,同时各种幕后政治博弈也难以避免。尽管这个提案来自特朗普政府,但公众的反应几乎普遍积极。不过,也有例外:据Ars Technica报道,曾在奥巴马政府期间担任NASA副局长的洛里·加弗(Lori Garver)对此提出了异议。她并不反对建立太空学院这一理念,但对她认为“谁有资格进入这所学院”提出了质疑。加弗指出,自艾森豪威尔政府以来,NASA(代表民用太空领域)与太空军(代表军事太空领域)之间就存在着明确的界限。

Recently, the White House announced the establishment of a U.S. Space Academy. It is not a traditional service academy like West Point or Annapolis, as some graduates will go into the Space Force, while others will go to NASA or the civilian sector. The exact framework of the proposed Space Academy is still a work in progress, where curriculum, the faculty, partnerships and, one supposes, even the name of the football team have yet to be determined. A committee chaired by NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman will present a proposal within 120 days. In the meantime, several U.S. states are scrambling to be selected as the site for the Space Academy. The states vying for it know that it will provide a great many construction jobs initially in addition to other jobs and economic benefit after the place is built. According to Payload Space, the states would have to provide at least 300 acres with proximity to a NASA facility or an institution of higher learning, and be able to accommodate 1,200 students, eventually increasing to 4,000. Proposals are expected by Oct. 26. Of the states that might become the site of the Space Academy, at least three would seem to be the front runners: Texas, Florida and Alabama. Each has an important NASA center along with a strong academic and commercial space presence. Currently, Texas is exerting the maximum effort to attract the Space Academy. Gov. Greg Abbott (R) has established a leadership team to formulate the state’s proposal. State Rep. Greg Bonnen (R-Texas) is in charge of the effort that will include the Texas Space Commission. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and Rep. Brian Babbin (R-Texas) issued a joint press release touting Texas as the site of the Space Academy. "If America is going to build the world’s premier academy for space, Texas has all the right stuff — the talent, institutions, infrastructure, and experience to launch the next generation of American space leaders.” It should be noted that Cruz is the chair of the Senate Commerce Committee and Babbin is the chair of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, which would have crucial roles in approving Space Academy legislation. Other possibilities include Ohio, New Mexico, Mississippi, Louisiana, Maryland and California, all of which have NASA and/or military and commercial facilities that would be a good match for the Space Academy. Ohio’s Gov. Mike Dewine (R) has formed a working group similar to Texas’s proposing Ohio as the site for the Space Academy. Florida’s two senators are making a serious effort to attract the Space Academy to their state, filing legislation, working on a request for information response with Space Florida, and leading a bipartisan congressional delegation letter to the White House. Alabama is making its case as well, with their own bipartisan congressional delegation letter to the White House touting their state. Expect a lot of arguments over which state would be the best site, coupled with the usual backroom political wheeling and dealing. Reaction to the Space Academy proposal is nearly universally positive, which is remarkable for a proposal coming from the Trump White House. However, one person is pleased to dissent. According to Ars Technica, Lori Garver, the former deputy administrator of NASA during the Obama administration, has voiced some objections, not necessary to the concept of the Space Academy, but who gets to attend. Garver points out that, since the Eisenhower administration, a bright line has been drawn between civilian space, as represented by NASA, and military space, as currently represented by the Space Force. The reason was to contrast the way the United States does space with the way its enemies, such as the old Soviet Union during the Cold War, and China now pursue space activities. The objection is not likely to be listened to, especially by the states squabbling to get the Space Academy prize. It could be argued that the bifurcation Garver is defending is not only a relic of the Cold War, considering the increasing importance of space for national security, but often honored more in the breach than the observance, with military pilots serving as NASA astronauts and NASA itself undertaking military missions during the shuttle era. The future of the American space program will likely involve joint efforts among NASA, other space agencies, the commercial sector and the Space Force. The Space Force will provide security for the planned lunar base, for example. The U.S. Space Academy will be a great way to facilitate such cooperation. Mark R. Whittington, who writes frequently about space policy, has published a political study of space exploration entitled “Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon?” as well as “The Moon, Mars and Beyond” and, most recently, “Why is America Going Back to the Moon?” He blogs at Curmudgeons Corner.

原因在于将美国开展太空活动的方式,与其敌人(如冷战时期的旧苏联,以及现在的中国)追求太空活动的方式进行对比。这种反对意见不太可能被听取,尤其是那些为争夺太空学院奖而争吵不休的州。可以认为,考虑到太空对国家安全日益重要,加维尔所捍卫的这种二分法不仅是冷战的遗物,而且往往“多在违背中被遵守”,即军用飞行员担任NASA宇航员,而NASA本身在航天飞机时代也执行军事任务。美国太空计划的未来很可能涉及NASA、其他航天机构、商业部门和太空军的联合努力。例如,太空军将为计划中的月球基地提供安全保障。美国太空学院将是促进此类合作的绝佳途径。经常撰写太空政策文章的马克·R·惠廷顿出版了关于太空探索的政治研究著作《为什么重返月球如此困难?》、《月球、火星及更远》以及最近的《为什么美国要重返月球?》他在“脾气暴躁者的角落”撰写博客。

Recently, the White House announced the establishment of a U.S. Space Academy. It is not a traditional service academy like West Point or Annapolis, as some graduates will go into the Space Force, while others will go to NASA or the civilian sector. The exact framework of the proposed Space Academy is still a work in progress, where curriculum, the faculty, partnerships and, one supposes, even the name of the football team have yet to be determined. A committee chaired by NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman will present a proposal within 120 days. In the meantime, several U.S. states are scrambling to be selected as the site for the Space Academy. The states vying for it know that it will provide a great many construction jobs initially in addition to other jobs and economic benefit after the place is built. According to Payload Space, the states would have to provide at least 300 acres with proximity to a NASA facility or an institution of higher learning, and be able to accommodate 1,200 students, eventually increasing to 4,000. Proposals are expected by Oct. 26. Of the states that might become the site of the Space Academy, at least three would seem to be the front runners: Texas, Florida and Alabama. Each has an important NASA center along with a strong academic and commercial space presence. Currently, Texas is exerting the maximum effort to attract the Space Academy. Gov. Greg Abbott (R) has established a leadership team to formulate the state’s proposal. State Rep. Greg Bonnen (R-Texas) is in charge of the effort that will include the Texas Space Commission. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and Rep. Brian Babbin (R-Texas) issued a joint press release touting Texas as the site of the Space Academy. "If America is going to build the world’s premier academy for space, Texas has all the right stuff — the talent, institutions, infrastructure, and experience to launch the next generation of American space leaders.” It should be noted that Cruz is the chair of the Senate Commerce Committee and Babbin is the chair of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, which would have crucial roles in approving Space Academy legislation. Other possibilities include Ohio, New Mexico, Mississippi, Louisiana, Maryland and California, all of which have NASA and/or military and commercial facilities that would be a good match for the Space Academy. Ohio’s Gov. Mike Dewine (R) has formed a working group similar to Texas’s proposing Ohio as the site for the Space Academy. Florida’s two senators are making a serious effort to attract the Space Academy to their state, filing legislation, working on a request for information response with Space Florida, and leading a bipartisan congressional delegation letter to the White House. Alabama is making its case as well, with their own bipartisan congressional delegation letter to the White House touting their state. Expect a lot of arguments over which state would be the best site, coupled with the usual backroom political wheeling and dealing. Reaction to the Space Academy proposal is nearly universally positive, which is remarkable for a proposal coming from the Trump White House. However, one person is pleased to dissent. According to Ars Technica, Lori Garver, the former deputy administrator of NASA during the Obama administration, has voiced some objections, not necessary to the concept of the Space Academy, but who gets to attend. Garver points out that, since the Eisenhower administration, a bright line has been drawn between civilian space, as represented by NASA, and military space, as currently represented by the Space Force. The reason was to contrast the way the United States does space with the way its enemies, such as the old Soviet Union during the Cold War, and China now pursue space activities. The objection is not likely to be listened to, especially by the states squabbling to get the Space Academy prize. It could be argued that the bifurcation Garver is defending is not only a relic of the Cold War, considering the increasing importance of space for national security, but often honored more in the breach than the observance, with military pilots serving as NASA astronauts and NASA itself undertaking military missions during the shuttle era. The future of the American space program will likely involve joint efforts among NASA, other space agencies, the commercial sector and the Space Force. The Space Force will provide security for the planned lunar base, for example. The U.S. Space Academy will be a great way to facilitate such cooperation. Mark R. Whittington, who writes frequently about space policy, has published a political study of space exploration entitled “Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon?” as well as “The Moon, Mars and Beyond” and, most recently, “Why is America Going Back to the Moon?” He blogs at Curmudgeons Corner.