唐纳德·特朗普总统在持续的贸易战中多次批评加拿大，称加拿大的失业率存在问题。
President Donald Trump has repeatedly stated that Canada has an issue with its unemployment rate as he criticizes America’s northern neighbor amid the ongoing trade war.
上周，特朗普再次重申这一观点，指责加拿大总理马克·卡尼的政府通过移民政策“正在破坏”加拿大，并称这些政策已经导致了严重的经济问题。他在9月23日表示：“加拿大的失业率已经高达10%，并且还在持续上升；许多企业纷纷迁往美国，这一切都是由于他们糟糕的政策和无能的领导。”早在8月份，美国与加拿大之间的贸易谈判破裂时，特朗普也曾发表过类似的言论。
Revisiting the claims last week, Trump insisted Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney’s government was “destroying” Canada with its immigration policies that he said were “causing problems.”It’s “already showing up in their numbers,” he said on Sept. 23. “Big unemployment.”Trump had made similar claims in August, amid the collapse of U.S.-Canada trade negotiations. “Canada’s unemployment rate is now at 10%, and rapidly rising. Their businesses are fleeing for the U.S., and it’s all because of their failed policies, and inept leadership,” he falsely argued.
特朗普之所以如此关注加拿大的失业率数据，是因为他的政府与卡尼政府之间的贸易争端持续了很长时间。本月早些时候，加拿大对美国商品实施了报复性关税；特朗普则通过行政命令将安大略湖重新命名为“美国湖”，进一步加剧了紧张局势。美国还对某些加拿大产品（主要是酒精和乳制品）实施了进口禁令，这些禁令将于周二正式生效。
Trump’s focus on Canada’s unemployment figures comes amid a prolonged trade standoff between his Administration and Carney’s government. Canada’s retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods took effect earlier this month, with Carney matching the economic pressure imposed by the U.S. Trump, who has repeatedly threatened to annex Canada, stoked tensions byg an Executive Order renaming Lake Ontario as “Lake America.”The U.S. import bans on certain Canadian products, largely centered on alcohol and dairy, are due to take effect Tuesday.
与此同时，卡尼政府正在努力加强国际联盟，试图推动加拿大成为欧盟的第一个“准成员国”，以减少该国对美国的经济依赖。那么，加拿大的失业率到底是多少？它是否真的在上升呢？
Carney, meanwhile, is focusing on strengthening international alliances, including pursuing efforts for Canada to become the E.U.’s first “associate member,” in a bid to reduce the country’s economic reliance on the U.S. As Trump targets Canada’s unemployment rate, here’s what the data says about how the Canadian economy is currently faring.
根据加拿大劳工部9月4日发布的劳动力调查报告，8月份加拿大失去了4.2万个就业岗位，失业率下降了0.2%。这一数据远低于市场普遍预期的1.5万个就业岗位的增加。
What is Canada’s unemployment rate—and is it rising? Canada’s economy lost 42,000 jobs in August, a decrease of 0.2%, according to the country’s Labor Force Survey released on Sept. 4. The figure came in well below reported consensus expectations for a 15k gain.
亏损主要集中在商业、建筑、其他支持服务、自然资源和公用事业等领域。公共部门员工人数减少了20,000人（0.4%），已连续第三个月下降。
The losses were concentrated in areas such as business, building, other support services, natural resources, and utilities. The number of public sector employees fell by 20,000 (0.4%), down for the third consecutive month.
多伦多大学经济学教授约瑟夫·斯坦伯格表示，有几个因素可能导致了就业岗位的流失，包括加拿大人口增长放缓。
Joseph Steinberg, a professor of economics at the University of Toronto, says several factors could be contributing to the job losses, including Canada’s slowing population growth.
加拿大统计局的数据显示，截至2026年7月1日，加拿大人口估计达到41,798,407人，较2025年7月1日增加了189,425人。这标志着“自1944/1945年以来，总人口规模按年度7月至7月（1946年前为6月至6月）计算的最低增长”。尽管出现就业岗位流失，但加拿大8月份的失业率保持在6.4%不变，此前从5月到7月已连续三个月下降。与2025年8月的7.1%相比，失业率有所下降。
Data from Statistics Canada shows the population of Canada reached an estimated 41,798,407 people on July 1, 2026, an increase of 189,425 people from July 1, 2025. This marked the “lowest annual July-to-July (or June to June before 1946) growth in the total size of the population since 1944/1945.”Despite the job losses, Canada’s unemployment rate in August remained steady at 6.4%, following three consecutive monthly declines from May through July. The unemployment rate is lower in comparison to August 2025, when it stood at 7.1%.
同时，加拿大的就业率——即15岁及以上人口中就业者的比例——略微下降，从60.9%降至60.8%。斯坦伯格在回顾数据时表示，加拿大“目前并不存在失业问题”。
Meanwhile, the employment rate in Canada—the proportion of the population aged 15 and older who are employed—decreased slightly, from 60.9% to 60.8%. Canada “does not currently have an unemployment problem,” says Steinberg, reflecting on the data.
他补充道：“总体而言，加拿大的劳动力市场表现良好。失业率相对稳定。”“特朗普也在抱怨移民是个大问题，但目前加拿大的移民率实际上相当低。”加拿大于2024年底修订了移民政策，旨在遏制超过就业岗位创造速度的快速人口增长。根据议会预算官办公室汇总的联邦数据，2025年接纳的永久居民约为328,000人，而前一年为419,000人。
“Broadly speaking, the labor market in Canada is doing just fine. The unemployment rate is relatively stable,” he adds. “Trump is [also] ranting about immigration as a big problem, but right now Canada's immigration rate is actually quite low.”Canada revised its immigration policy in late 2024, in an effort to curb rapid population growth that outpaced job creation. According to federal figures compiled by Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, the number of permanent residents admitted in 2025 was around 328,000, compared to 419,000 the year before.
与此同时，根据美国劳工统计局的数据，美国8月份的失业率也保持在4.1%不变，略低于2025年8月记录的4.3%。
Meanwhile, in the U.S., the unemployment rate in August also remained unchanged at 4.1%, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, slightly below the 4.3% recorded in August 2025.
但专家告诉《时代》周刊，任何想要对比美国和加拿大数据的人都应该意识到，两国计算总体失业率的方式不同。
But anyone looking to compare figures from the U.S. and Canada should be aware they have different ways of calculating headline unemployment rates, experts tell TIME.
这些调查覆盖的人群略有不同：加拿大的失业数据包括年龄小至15岁的人，而美国从16岁开始计算。
The surveys cover slightly different populations: Canada’s unemployment figures include people as young as 15, while the U.S. begins counting once people are 16.
“要被计算为失业者，你还必须在调查中表明你正在以某种方式寻找工作。斯库特鲁德表示，在美国，这种‘寻找’的要求比在加拿大要积极得多。”
“To be measured as unemployed, you also have to indicate in the survey that you are searching somehow for a job. In the U.S., that requirement for 'search' is much more active than in Canada,” says Skuterud.
特朗普经常吹嘘美国的失业率和就业增长。4月，他为3月的就业和失业数据欢呼，9月又称8月新增16.2万个就业岗位是“繁荣经济”的“重大喜讯”。然而，去年年底，美国失业率已升至四年高点，目前仍高于2019年疫情前记录的3.7%平均水平。
Trump has frequently touted U.S. unemployment rates and job growth. In April, he celebrated March job and unemployment figures, and again in September he called the addition of 162,000 jobs in August “great news” for a “thriving economy.”However, late last year, U.S. unemployment had risen to a four-year high and it still remains above the 3.7% average recorded in 2019 before the pandemic.
美国与加拿大僵持导致贸易不确定性 美国和加拿大之间的正式贸易谈判于8月底停止，虽然官员们一直与对应同行保持联系，但双方均未表示取得任何实质性进展。
Trade uncertainty amid the U.S.-Canada standoff Formal trade negotiations between the U.S. and Canada halted at the end of August, and while officials have remained in contact with their counterparts, neither side has voiced any significant progress.
美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔于9月25日表示，美方达成协议“并不紧迫”。
U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer on Sept. 25 said there was “no urgency” on the U.S. side to reach an agreement.
“特朗普总统对我们在加拿大问题上的现状感到满意，”他坚称。“加拿大人，还是那句话，他们时不时会来找我们，想要达成协议。他们来的时候，我们就谈。就像之前那样，我们给了他们一份协议。他们走了。他们偶尔会打电话来，我们就潜在协议进行良好的对话。但我们这边没有紧迫感。”
“President Trump is comfortable where we are on Canada,” he insisted. “The Canadians, again, periodically, they come and they want to have a deal. When they do, we talk. As we saw before, we gave them a deal. They left. They call us now and then, and we have good conversations about potential deals. But no urgency on our side.”
对此，加拿大贸易部长多米尼克·勒布朗表示，加拿大“始终愿意与美国人对话，努力找到合适的协议”，但强调如果协议必须不惜“任何代价”达成，加拿大并不“急于”与美国达成贸易协议。专家告诉《时代》周刊，对企业而言，贸易对峙带来的长期不确定性会拖累投资，进而影响就业创造。
In response, Canadian Trade Minister Dominic LeBlanc said Canada is “always ready to talk to the Americans about trying to find the right agreement," but stressed the country is not “desperate” to reach a trade deal with the U.S. if it has to come at “any cost.”For businesses, the prolonged uncertainty surrounding the trade standoff can weigh on investment and, in turn, the creation of jobs, experts tell TIME.
“如果你是一家企业，尤其是处于这些受关税影响的行业之一，客户群很大一部分在美国，那么现在不是你想投入大量新资本的时候，所以这会影响实际的就业创造，经济中劳动力需求端会受到冲击，”斯库特鲁德说。
“If you're a business, especially in one of these tariff-exposed industries, in an industry where the customer base is in large part in the U.S. this is not a time where you want to invest in a lot of new capital, and so that affects actual job creation, the labor demand side of the economy is impacted,” says Skuterud.
“对企业来说，最重要的是确定性、可预测性。他们必须知道自己的客户群会在哪里，销售会在哪里，而目前这些行业存在大量不确定性。”
“The most important thing for businesses is certainty, predictability. They've got to know where their customer base is going to be, where their sales are going to be, and there's a lot of uncertainty in those industries right now.”