荷兰政府正在支持一项为公共行政部门构建自由开源软件工作环境的努力，其中包括一个基于NixOS的桌面操作系统。DAWO项目已经酝酿了数月，但得益于荷兰科技新闻网站Tweakers.net的一篇深度报道，它刚刚获得了更多关注。DAWO代表“Digitaal Autonome Werkomgeving Overheid”，即“数字自主政府工作环境”。它并非单一产品，其蓝图整合了操作系统、云基础设施、人工智能、通信和协作办公等可替换组件。
The Dutch government is backing an effort to build a FOSS workplace for public administration, including a desktop operating system based on NixOS. The DAWO Project has been gestating for some months, but it just got a lot more visible thanks to an in-depth report on Dutch tech news site Tweakers.net. DAWO stands for "Digitaal Autonome Werkomgeving Overheid," or "Digital Autonomous Government Work Environment." Rather than a single product, its blueprint combines replaceable components for the operating system, cloud infrastructure, AI, communications, and collaborative working.
开发仍处于早期阶段，但小规模试点已在荷兰公共机构内部展开。这项工作在7月获得了正式地位，当时荷兰政府的ICBR——政府运作跨部门委员会——委托三家政府IT供应商开发一个标准化、更具主权性的数字工作环境：DICTU、SSC-ICT以及DUO（教育执行机构）的ICT部门。更广泛的蓝图来自内政与王国关系部（BZK）。
Development remains at an early stage, but small-scale pilots are already under way within Dutch public bodies. The work acquired official status in July, when the Dutch government's ICBR – the Interdepartmental Committee on Government Operations – commissioned three government IT providers to develop a standardized, more sovereign digital workplace: DICTU, SSC-ICT and the ICT division of DUO, the Education Executive Agency. The wider blueprint comes from the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, or BZK.
其组件包括MijnBureau，这是一个自托管工作套件，由Nextcloud、Collabora、Element和OpenProject等项目构建而成。MijnBureau的开发者还在与法国的La Suite合作，并将其工作与德国的openDesk对齐。老读者可能对openDesk这个名字并不陌生：它在最近的几篇报道中都有出现。OpenDesk正是国际刑事法院在美国对法院高级官员实施制裁后采用的套件。
Its components include MijnBureau, a self-hosted workplace suite built from projects including Nextcloud, Collabora, Element and OpenProject. The MijnBureau developers are also collaborating with France's La Suite and aligning their work with Germany's openDesk. Regular readers will probably recognize the name openDesk: it's featured in several recent stories. OpenDesk is the suite that the International Criminal Court is adopting following US sanctions against senior court officials. (Tweakers mentions these sanctions as being a motivating factor behind the Dutch efforts.) The ICC is based in the Netherlands, in The Hague.
（Tweakers提到，这些制裁是荷兰相关努力背后的推动因素之一。）国际刑事法院设在荷兰海牙。据路透社报道，特朗普政府正计划对国际刑事法院实施更广泛的制裁。正如我们在7月报道的那样，OpenDesk也是梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞州相关举措的核心部分，以及我们本月早些时候报道的瑞士相关举措的核心部分。
According to a Reuters report, the Trump administration is planning wider sanctions against the ICC. OpenDesk is also a core part of the moves in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, as we reported in July, and those in Switzerland which we covered earlier this month.
早在四月份，荷兰市政协会（VNG）宣布有四个市镇参与了试验。据Tweakers报道，参与数量此后已翻倍至八个——但这在全国数百个市镇中仍只占一小部分。该项目通过BZK政府托管的Forgejo实例发布代码，相关仓库也通过Codeberg向外部贡献者开放。在客户端操作系统方面，项目最初尝试了openSUSE，随后是Fedora，最终选定了NixOS。
Back in April, the Association of Netherlands Municipalities, or VNG, announced that four municipalities were taking part in the trials. Tweakers reports that the number has since doubled to eight – still a small fraction of the country's hundreds of municipalities. The project publishes code through the BZK's government-hosted Forgejo instance, with repositories also available through Codeberg for outside contributors. For its client OS, the project initially experimented with openSUSE, then Fedora, before settling on NixOS.
《The Reg》的FOSS专栏已多次撰文介绍NixOS，包括其在包管理上的激进做法以及NixOS 22.11的发布。NixOS提供的不仅仅是一个方便的荷兰血统。它不受商业厂商控制，而其声明式配置和可复现部署使其在管理和审计大规模机器集群方面颇具吸引力。Nix打包系统项目由荷兰人Eelco Dolstra创立；用它构建的第一个NixOS发行版则由另一位荷兰人Armijn Hemel完成；NixOS基金会也设在荷兰。
The Reg FOSS desk has written about NixOS several times, including its radical approach to package management and the arrival of NixOS 22.11. NixOS offers more than a conveniently Dutch pedigree. It is not controlled by a commercial vendor, while its declarative configuration and reproducible deployments make it attractive for managing and auditing large fleets of machines. The Nix packaging system project was founded by a Dutchman, Eelco Dolstra; the first version of the NixOS distro built with it by another, Armijn Hemel; and the NixOS Foundation is based in the Netherlands.
Nix社区并非没有争议。2023年，在贡献者的反对下，会议组织者撤销了美国自主武器供应商Anduril的赞助。这场纠纷引发了关于项目治理的更广泛争论，并在次年催生了一个名为Auxolotl的分支。FOSS项目几乎无法控制谁使用其代码，而试图限制特定用户则可能带来自身的问题。然而，政府的关注确实带来了资金和动力。
The Nix community has not been without controversy. In 2023, conference organizers withdrew sponsorship from US autonomous weapons vendor Anduril following objections from contributors. The dispute fed into a broader argument over project governance that culminated the following year in a fork called Auxolotl. FOSS projects have little control over who uses their code, while attempts to restrict particular users can create problems of their own. Government interest does, however, bring money and momentum.
正如我们在四月份Euro-Office推出以及六月份Collabora融入AI的CODE套件发布后所指出的，公共部门资金的诱惑被证明在刺激FOSS世界的活动与合作方面极为有效。®
As we noted following the launch of Euro-Office in April and Collabora's AI-infused CODE suite in June, the scent of public sector cash is proving highly effective at stimulating activity and cooperation in the FOSS world. ®