如果人们能停止将这些最近在全国范围内播出的政府赞助广告称为“宣传内容”,白宫将不胜感激。这些广告确实主要展示了唐纳德·特朗普总统及其所谓的成就、他的演讲片段以及对他的政见的赞扬,但几乎没有任何新的信息。白宫在周五发布的一份新闻稿中辩称,这些广告其实只是“公共服务公告”,旨在“提醒美国人热爱自己的国家,并让他们明白为什么需要为这个国家而奋斗——无论是在国内、边境还是海外”。
The White House would deeply appreciate it if people would stop referring to the government-sponsored ads that recently began airing around the country as “propaganda.”Yes, the three ads heavily feature some combination of President Donald Trump and his supposed accomplishments, snippets of speeches and praise for his vision, and little to no new information. But the White House argued in a press release issued Friday that these are all merely “public service announcements” serving as “a reminder for Americans to love their country and know why it’s worth defending — at home, at the border, and abroad.”
不过,政府资助的媒体如果其目的是将爱国主义与现任领导人联系起来,并宣扬这位领导人对国家成功的重要性,那么这些广告确实具有宣传的性质。
State-sponsored media, with the goal of tying patriotism to the current leader and promoting him as necessary to the country’s success, sure does sound like propaganda.
事实上,这些广告显然违反了自20世纪50年代以来所有政府支出法案中都包含的一项规定:“任何拨款都不得用于未经国会授权的在美国境内的宣传或宣传活动。”不过,这一禁令并不适用于合法的资讯分享和教育材料;白宫声称这些广告就属于此类材料。
If it is, the ads clearly violate a provision added to every government spending bill since the 1950s: “No part of any appropriation … shall be used for publicity or propaganda purposes within the United States not heretofore authorized by the Congress.”This prohibition does not apply to legitimate information-sharing and educational materials, which the White House claims these ads are.
美国政府问责局(Government Accountability Office, GAO)此前指出,政府制作的媒体内容有三种方式可以避免被指责为“宣传工具”。无论这些内容是以视频、印刷品还是网络形式发布的,它们都不能具有“自我夸大的”性质,也不能纯粹带有党派倾向,更不能是那些故意误导公众关于其来源的隐蔽性宣传材料。白宫认为这些广告符合上述标准——因为这些广告确实是由美国政府资助的(尽管表述可能不够准确);同时,“特朗普总统并未参与选举活动,也没有任何呼吁公众采取行动的表述”。
The Government Accountability Office has previously said there are three ways that government-produced media can escape the propaganda accusations. Whether in video, print or online, these materials cannot be “self-aggrandizing,” purely partisan in nature or covert propaganda that misleads the public about its source. The White House argues that the ads clear that bar, because they (however imprecisely) are U.S. government-funded, while “President Trump is not on the ballot and there is no call to action.”
白宫还列举了近期几届政府的三个相关例子:奥巴马政府曾通过广告向美国人宣传《平价医疗法案》(Affordable Care Act)所设立的医疗保险市场的开放注册时间及相关补贴政策;拜登政府则发布了鼓励民众接种新冠疫苗的电视广告。
The White House then listed three examples from recent administrations, two of which focused on public health. The Obama administration used ads to inform Americans about open enrollment periods for Affordable Care Act-created health insurance markets and available subsidies while the Biden administration placed television ads encouraging vaccination against Covid-19.
不过,白宫似乎并没有对另一个例子进行彻底审查。乔治·W·布什政府曾制作了一系列印刷品和电视广告,用于宣传《医疗保险法案》(Medicare Act)中关于医疗保险D部分(Medicare Part D)的最新规定。白宫还提供了美国政府问责局于2004年3月10日发布的裁决文件,该文件指出这些广告并未违反任何宣传法规。
It seems that the White House did not vet its other modern example all that thoroughly. The George W. Bush administration produced, among other materials, a set of print and television ads promoting recently enacted provisions of Medicare Part D coverage. The White House provides a link to a March 10, 2004, ruling from the GAO saying that the propaganda law hadn’t been violated.
但在那项裁决不到两个月后,政府问责局(GAO)获悉,医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(CMS)并未坦诚说明其提供给新闻网络的一组“视频新闻稿”是由谁制作的。这些材料由承包商冒充记者出镜,以新闻片段形式呈现,促使政府问责局裁定:“利用拨款资金制作和分发这些新闻包及建议脚本,违反了最新政府拨款法案中包含的宣传或煽动禁令。”
But less than two months after that ruling, the GAO learned that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services had not been upfront about who created a set of “video news releases” it had provided to news networks. The materials, which featured contractors posing as reporters in a news segment, prompted the GAO to rule that “the use of appropriated funds for production and distribution of the story packages and suggested scripts violated the publicity or propaganda prohibition” included in the latest government funding bill. (The Bush Justice Department disagreed as to whether CMS had violated the “covert propaganda” ban but otherwise agreed with the GAO’s framework.)‘Corrupt’: Trump’s use of taxpayer money for personal ads is so bad even MAGA is calling it out September 28, 2026
(小布什政府的司法部对CMS是否违反了“隐蔽宣传”禁令持不同意见,但除此之外同意政府问责局的分析框架。)“腐败”:特朗普利用纳税人钱财制作个人广告的做法恶劣到连MAGA阵营都在指责 2026年9月28日令人难以置信的是,作为特朗普广告不属于宣传的最后一项证据,白宫竟然引用了:不仅仅是现代政府。伍德罗·威尔逊总统的公共信息委员会曾利用海报、电影和演讲者来团结国家。富兰克林·罗斯福总统的战时信息办公室制作电影、广播和海报以推动战争努力。
Incredibly, for the final bit of evidence that the Trump ads are not propaganda, the White House chose to cite : It’s not just modern Administrations. President Woodrow Wilson’s Committee on Public Information used posters, films, and speakers to rally the country. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Office of War Information produced films, radio, and posters to promote the war effort.
旨在让美国人支持第一次和第二次世界大战的政府宣传材料,其出现时间早于1952年首次引入的“宣传或鼓吹”条款。正如白宫自身提供的链接所解释的那样,这些努力确实具有宣传性质。其中最后一个链接甚至引用了二战时期美国战时情报局局长埃尔默·戴维斯(Elmer Davis)的话,他承认道:“将宣传理念植入大多数人脑海中最简单的方法,就是通过娱乐影片这一媒介,让他们在毫无察觉的情况下被灌输。”
The government materials meant to keep Americans on board with World Wars I and II predate the “publicity or propaganda” provision, which first appeared in 1952. And as the links the White House itself provided explain, those efforts were propagandistic. The last of those links even quotes Elmer Davis, head of the WWII-era Office of War Information, admitting as much: “The easiest way to inject a propaganda idea into most people’s minds is to let it go through the medium of an entertainment picture when they do not realize that they are being propagandized.”
特朗普政府并没有听从戴维斯的建议:截至周一播出的三则广告,其手法粗糙得如同当头一棒。因此,很难看出它们为何不属于“自我吹嘘”或“夸大宣传”的范畴,美国政府问责局(GAO)将其定义为“旨在强调相关机构或活动重要性的宣传”。虽然广告中没有明确提及共和党或即将到来的选举,但其基调和倾向绝非非政治性。
The Trump administration didn’t follow Davis’ advice: the three ads that have aired as of Monday are as subtle as a brick to the face. As such, it’s hard to see how they don’t fall under the category of “self-aggrandizement” or “puffery,” which the GAO has defined as “publicity of a nature tending to emphasize the importance of the agency or activity in question.”And while there are no explicit mention of the Republican Party or the upcoming elections, the tone and tenor are anything but apolitical.
无论这些资金是从哪个账户中支取的,都构成了对国会从未批准的资金的非法使用。
Whichever account those funds were drawn from amounts to an illegal use of money that Congress never condoned.
此外,自《大西洋月刊》在8月下旬首次报道以来,我们就已经知道特朗普希望在期中选举期间播放宣传其政绩的广告。虽然特朗普的超级政治行动委员会(Super PAC)本可以表面上为这些广告买单,使其在法律上虽仍属自我推销但尚可接受,但上周播出的那些广告显然并非如此。
Beyond that, we have known since The Atlantic first reported it in late August that Trump wanted ads promoting his achievements to air during the midterms. But while Trump’s super PAC would have ostensibly paid for the ads under discussion making them no less self-promoting but acceptable under the law, the ones aired last week were very much not.
众所周知,只要能让别人买单,特朗普从不自掏腰包。但在关键选举前动用纳税人的钱进行无耻的自我宣传,即使对他而言也已逾越了底线。
It’s well documented that Trump never pays himself for anything when someone else can foot the bill. But spending taxpayer funds for shameless self-promotion ahead of a crucial election is beyond the pale even for him.
目前还没有任何迹象表明是政府的哪个部门支付了制作这些广告的费用;这些广告片段可能是由政府雇员使用政府提供的电脑自行制作的。无论这些资金来自哪个部门,这种行为都属于非法使用公共资金的行为,而国会从未批准过这种行为。在过去的政府执政时期,这样的丑闻早就应该被曝光并导致相关责任人下台。然而,在特朗普执政的时代,这种腐败现象仍在继续,这无疑是对整个时代的耻辱。
There’s been no indication of exactly which part of the government paid the ad makers that cut together these clips. For all we know, they may have been produced entirely in-house by government employees working on government-issued computers. Whichever account those funds were drawn from amounts to an illegal use of money that Congress never condoned. It is a scandal that would have rightly collapsed past administrations. It is to this era’s discredit that it is yet another day in the age of corruption Trump has ushered into place.
帖子内容:白宫称这些宣传广告其实是公益广告(PSAs),但事实并非如此。MS NOW
The post The White House says these propaganda ads are PSAs. They’re not. MS NOW