首相表示，他希望建立一个能够让人们“安心”的医疗护理体系。
The prime minister said he wanted to create a care system that would give people ‘peace of mind’.
解释：工党计划如何改革社会护理体系？安迪·伯纳姆（Andy Burnham）详细介绍了这项改革的具体内容，包括改革的时间表。他在工党大会上的演讲进一步阐述了其执政初期的核心社会政策目标——即对成人社会护理体系进行全面改革。
Photograph: Sean Prior/AlamyView image in fullscreenThe prime minister said he wanted to create a care system that would give people ‘peace of mind’. Photograph: Sean Prior/AlamyExplainerWhat are Labour’s plans to overhaul social care? Andy Burnham has revealed more details about a proposed shake-up – including a broad schedule for the reformsAndy Burnham’s Labour conference speech gave us a little more detail on how he intends to take forward what he said at the start of his premiership would be his signature social policy ambition: an overhaul of adult social care. What will Labour’s social care overhaul look like?
工党的社会护理改革将如何实施？伯纳姆明确指出了这项改革的宏伟目标：这不仅仅是一次简单的调整，而是一项全新的医疗护理体系的建立，堪称“具有里程碑意义的政策”，其重要性堪比英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）的创立。该护理体系将遵循NHS的运作原则——使用过程中免费，并确保“每个人都能获得相应的医疗服务”。
Burnham was clear about the ambitious scale of his care vision – this was not simply change, it was about creating a whole new service: a “landmark policy, as significant as the creation of the NHS itself”. It would be a national care service, operating on NHS principles: free at the point of use and “where everyone contributes and everyone is covered”.It was more emphatic than his last social care speech in June, when he said a national care service “could be fully fledged [NHS-style] or lesser options or something in between”.Are we any clearer as to how it will be paid for?
资金来源问题专家指出，采用NHS模式的护理体系成本较高，每年可能需要约180亿英镑的资金。具体费用取决于哪些服务会被纳入该体系，以及费用如何在个人和国家之间分摊。伯纳姆表示，这些资金将完全来自公共支出预算。他还提到，从下一届议会开始取消现行的国家养老金制度（即“养老金三重保障机制”）所节省下来的资金也将用于支持这项护理体系的运作。
Experts say an NHS-style care system would be expensive – possibly the most expensive option – costing around £18bn a year. Assessing the costs depends what services are included in the offer and how the cost is divided between individuals and the state. Burnham said it would be fully funded from within the public spending envelope. He said savings from scrapping the state pension triple lock, starting in the next parliament, would be funnelled into the care service.
资金是否足够？根据财政研究所（Institute for Fiscal Studies）的分析，仅靠这些资金尚不足以完全支持一个全民覆盖的、类似NHS的护理体系。伯纳姆认为，该护理体系可以通过减轻医院的压力来帮助节省NHS的运营成本。
On its own this would not be enough to fully fund a universal NHS-style care service, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Burnham said a care service would lead to NHS savings by reducing pressures on hospitals. This may free up £2bn a year in the long term, according to the King’s Fund thinktank.
据国王基金智库估算，长期来看，这每年可能腾出20亿英镑，但这也意味着人们今后是否需要承担护理费用，目前还不得而知。各方普遍认为，大刀阔斧的改革代价不菲。伯纳姆表示，未来的护理体系将让人们感到安心，确保他们晚年需要护理时，其“住所和积蓄”不受影响。这显然意味着，不符合国家护理援助资格的人今后如需接受昂贵的长期护理，其个人资产不会被耗尽——但伯纳姆没有说明将如何消除这一风险。
But it added that such figures should be treated with caution. Will individuals have to contribute to the cost of care? It is too early to tell, though there is a consensus that ambitious change will be expensive. Burnham said a future care system would give people “peace of mind” that it would protect their “homes and their savings” if they needed care in later life. This clearly suggests people who do not qualify for state care support will not have their assets wiped out if they require expensive long-term care – though he did not spell out how this risk would be nullified.
努菲尔德信任基金智库将丹麦的护理体系列为全球最慷慨的体系之一，但该体系仍要求个人承担养老院住宿费用。护理服务将由谁提供？
Even the Danish care system – one of the world’s most generous according to the Nuffield Trust thinktank – expects individuals to pay for care home accommodation costs. Who will provide the care?
伯纳姆在演讲中特意感谢护理人员，承认他们薪酬偏低、价值未获充分认可。他向护理人员致歉，称政客辜负他们太久了。这不仅是为了强化他支持护理人员的立场，也表明如果不能提高薪酬并提升从业人员的技能，就不可能提供高质量的全国护理服务。这也为政府逆转海外护理人员签证政策铺平了道路。伯纳姆表示，护理服务应“以人为本，而非以利润为目的”。
Burnham was careful in his speech to thank care workers, recognising them as underpaid and undervalued. He apologised to them, saying politicians had let them down for too long. This was not just burnishing his pro-worker credentials but recognising that without a better paid, up-skilled work force, delivering a high-quality national care service is impossible. It also paves the way for a government U-turn on overseas care worker visas. He said care services would be “for people not profit” which may be tricky given that the bulk of adult social care provision is privately provided, although it may signal a crackdown on “obscene” care profits.
鉴于成人社会护理主要由私人机构提供，要做到这一点可能并不容易，但这或许预示着政府将打击“惊人的”护理利润。全国护理服务何时才能建立？
When will a national care service happen?
伯纳姆提出了一个大致时间表。路易丝·凯西将于2027年发布关于社会护理的独立报告，提出全国护理服务的具体模式及其资金来源。全国护理服务将被写入工党的下一份竞选纲领；如果该党赢得选举，将在下一届议会任期内推行。
Burnham set out a broad schedule. Louise Casey will produce her independent report on social care in 2027, setting out what a national care service could look like and how it could be paid for. A national care service would be in the next Labour manifesto, and were the party elected it would be introduced in the next parliament.
这一时间表比其前任基尔·斯塔默所设想的更为紧迫，但衰老脆弱的社会照护行业中的部分人士会担心，时间仍然不够快。这会带来多大的政治风险？伯纳姆在演讲中承认，他可能因社会照护问题“付出政治代价”，但他说，为了做自己认为正确的事，他已做好准备。保守党或英国改革党似乎不太可能支持建立全国性照护服务体系。不过，伯纳姆显然相信自己有足够的时间“打好基础”，并争取公众的支持。公众通常对照护体系知之甚少，也不了解现行体系有时会对其家庭财务造成灾难性风险。
It is a more urgent timetable than his predecessor, Keir Starmer, had envisaged, but some in the creaking care sector will worry it is not soon enough. How much of a political risk is there? Burnham admitted in his speech that he “may pay a political price” on social care but said he was prepared to do so in order to do what he thought was the right thing. It seems unlikely that the Conservatives or Reform UK would support a national care service. But Burnham clearly believes he has the time to “lay the ground” and win over a public that typically has little understanding of the care system or the sometimes catastrophic risks to their family finances under the current system.