梅钢/扎波罗热钢铁厂 在扎波罗热钢铁厂遭受一次袭击后，一座高炉刚刚复产，几小时后该厂又再次被击中 维塔利·舍夫琴科 BBC监测部首席分析师 7分钟前像扎波罗热的其他数千名居民一样，杰尼斯·马克西什科在当地钢铁厂扎波罗热钢铁厂工作了多年。几代人以来，它一直是这座乌克兰主要工业城市最大、最富有的就业来源。
Metinvest/Zaporizhstal After one attack on the Zaporizhzhia steelworks, a blast furnace was restarted only for the site to be hit again hours later Vitaly Shevchenko Chief Analyst, BBC Monitoring 7 minutes ago Like thousands of other residents of Zaporizhzhia, Denys Maksyshko has spent years working for local steel factory Zaporizhstal. For generations, it has been the biggest and richest source of employment in this major Ukrainian city.
“扎波罗热钢铁厂不仅仅是一家大公司，它是这座城市的心脏，”他说。
"Zaporizhstal is not just a big company, it's the heart of the city," he says.
现在，在一系列俄罗斯导弹袭击之后，这颗心脏停止了跳动。这家雇佣8500人的巨型工厂在遭受四波俄罗斯袭击后（8月两次，9月两次）无限期关闭。
Now, following a series of Russian missile strikes, this heart has stopped beating. The huge factory that employs 8,500 people shut down indefinitely after four waves of Russian attacks - two in August, and two in September.
“几乎所有设备都被彻底摧毁。没有一扇完好的窗户，屋顶上全是洞。高炉几乎完全毁坏了，”马克西什科抱怨道。
"All the equipment has been almost completely destroyed. There are no windows left, and there are holes in the roofs. The blast furnaces have been almost completely ruined," Maksyshko complains.
据扎波罗热钢铁厂所有者梅钢集团首席运营官亚历山大·米罗年科称，俄罗斯共向扎波罗热钢铁厂发射了17枚导弹。八名工人丧生，31人受伤。
Russia fired a total of 17 missiles at Zaporizhstal, according to Oleksandr Myronenko, chief operating officer of steelworks owner Metinvest. Eight workers were killed and 31 wounded.
“现在我们正在清理瓦砾，并试图规划恢复工作，”米罗年科告诉BBC。目前，扎波罗热钢铁厂是否能重新开工还远未可知。
"We're now clearing rubble and trying to plan recovery," Myronenko tells the BBC. At the moment it is far from certain Zaporizhstal will ever start up again.
扎波罗热钢铁厂已遭受四波俄罗斯袭击 俄罗斯对乌克兰冶金厂持续不断的空袭行动始于8月。到目前为止，所有冶金厂都已被击中，有些甚至多次遭袭。这是乌克兰经济的关键部门，自然成为俄罗斯的诱人目标。
The Zaporizhstal works has been hit by four waves of Russian attacks Russia's persistent campaign of air strikes against Ukrainian metallurgical plants started in August. By now, all of them have been hit, some several times. This is a key sector of the Ukrainian economy, and naturally an attractive target for Russia.
2022年全面入侵开始前，冶金和采矿业约占乌克兰GDP的10%，出口额的三分之一。该行业为超过50万人提供就业，乌克兰每13个工作岗位中就有一个以某种方式与该行业相关。
Before the start of the full-scale invasion in 2022, metallurgy and mining accounted for roughly 10% of Ukraine's GDP and a third of its exports. It provided employment for more than half a million people, and every 13th job in Ukraine was linked to the industry one way or another.
由于近期俄罗斯的袭击，该行业几乎已陷于停顿，其对乌克兰GDP的贡献“现在可能接近于零”，米罗年科表示。
Because of the recent Russian attacks, it has all but ground to a halt and its contribution to Ukraine's GDP now "is probably close to zero", says Myronenko.
直到最近，他的公司还是乌克兰最大的钢铁生产商，但目前其所有钢铁厂均处于停产状态。
Until recently his company was Ukraine's biggest producer of steel and iron, but all its steelworks are for now out of action.
“显然，他们试图扼杀乌克兰经济，阻止乌克兰从海外获得出口收入、缴纳税收和工资、维持城市运转和民众就业，”米罗年科说。“到目前为止，他们的努力非常有效。”冶金行业遭受的破坏可能对乌克兰的经济和社会造成毁灭性后果。
"Clearly, they're trying to stop Ukraine's economy and stop Ukraine from getting [export] money from abroad, from paying taxes and wages, from ensuring that cities live and people have jobs," says Myronenko. "Their efforts have been very effective so far." The damage to the metals industry could have devastating consequences for Ukraine's economy and society.
在2014年与俄罗斯爆发冲突后不久，乌克兰失去了东部部分工业腹地，在此之前该国拥有12家冶金厂。
Ukraine had 12 metallurgical plants before losing parts of its industrial heartland in the east shortly after the start of hostilities with Russia in 2014.
到2018年，仅剩九家，而到2025年全面战争爆发三年后，这一数字已降至六家。其中失去的包括马里乌波尔的亚速钢铁厂和伊利奇钢铁厂，这座乌克兰东南部城市在经历数月的俄罗斯围攻后沦陷。
By 2018, there were just nine, and three years into the full-scale war in 2025 that number had fallen to six. Among those lost were the Azovstal and Illich plants in Mariupol, Ukraine's south-eastern city captured after a months-long Russian siege.
在俄罗斯近期导弹袭击波及的炼钢城市中，包括泽连斯基总统的家乡克里维里赫。
Among the steel-making cities caught up in Russia's recent missile campaign is President Volodymyr Zelensky's home city of Kryvyi Rih.
9月25日，乌克兰最大钢铁厂——克里维里赫阿塞洛米塔尔钢铁厂宣布，在遭受长达五周的反复袭击后无法复工，并赞扬了工人们的勇敢，其中五名工人遇难。
On 25 September, Ukraine's biggest steelworks, Arcelor Mittal Kryvyi Rih, announced it was unable to reopen after repeated attacks over five weeks, praising the bravery of its workers, five of whom had died.
当地国防委员会主席亚历山大·维尔库尔向市民发表紧急讲话，称这是“非常严重的打击”，影响将远不止数千个就业岗位。
Local Defence Council head Oleksandr Vilkul issued an emergency address to the city's residents, in which he spoke of a "very serious blow" that would affect more than just thousands of jobs.
他承认，局势非常困难。"这是注入我们社区预算的税收,"他说。"它们为维持城市基础设施运转、修缮供热厂及管网、托儿所、社会服务以及许多其他方面提供了资金。"总部位于基辅的咨询公司GMK Center负责人斯坦尼斯拉夫·津琴科表示,冶金企业缴纳的税收为其所在城市地方政府支出贡献了30%至70%。"换句话说,这些城市的实际生存依赖于这些企业,"他告诉BBC。"
The situation, he admitted, was very difficult. "It is taxes feeding into our community's budget," he said. "They provided funds for keeping the city's infrastructure running, repairing heating plants and their pipes, funds for nursery schools, social services and many other things." Taxes paid by metal-making companies have funded 30-70% of local government spending in their host cities, says Stanislav Zinchenko, head of Kyiv-based consultancy GMK Center. "In other words, the physical survival of these cities depended on these companies," he told the BBC.
这是乌克兰经济面临的一场灾难性问题。战前,采矿和冶金行业是关键产业,"他告诉BBC。"它一直是经济中最大的投资者,年均投资20亿至30亿美元(约合15亿至23亿英镑)。"
"This is a catastrophic problem for Ukraine's economy. Before the war, the mining and metallurgical industry was a key industry," he told the BBC. "It was always the biggest investor in the economy, investing $2bn-$3bn (£1.5bn-£2.3bn) a year on average."
即使生产恢复,扎波罗热钢铁厂短期内也难以恢复正常运营。津琴科警告称,如果钢铁厂持续停工,数十万人可能失业,由此引发的移民潮将波及远超乌克兰的范围。"一场人道主义灾难正在逼近。"乌克兰炼钢业的终结也将对其国防能力和重建工作造成严重后果。
Even if production were to resume, it would not be business as usual at Zaporizhstal any time soon If the steelworks remain shut, hundreds of thousands of people may lose their jobs, and the resulting waves of migration will reach far beyond Ukraine, Zinchenko warned. "A humanitarian catastrophe is looming." The end of steelmaking in Ukraine would also have severe consequences for its defence capabilities and reconstruction.
钢铁对于生产军事装备至关重要,同时也是建造掩体和修复无数遭俄军破坏建筑所必需的。
Steel is vital for producing military equipment, as well as for making shelters and repairing countless buildings damaged by Russia.
俄罗斯以此为由为其对钢铁厂的袭击辩解,声称扎波罗热和克里维里赫的工厂都在生产军事装备。
Russia has justified its attacks on the steel plants for that reason, alleging that the plants in Zaporizhzhia and Kryvyi Rih were all producing military hardware.
梅钦投资集团的亚历山大·沃多维兹在基辅举行的一次会议上表示:"我们曾尝试重启扎波罗热钢铁厂。我们重启了一座高炉,运行了10小时就遭遇了另一次空袭。"
"We attempted relaunching Zaporizhstal. We restarted a furnace, and it worked for 10 hours before there was another air strike," Oleksandr Vodoviz of Metinvest told a conference in Kyiv.
他补充道,在局势不明朗的情况下,目前投入资金进行恢复毫无意义。
There was no point yet on spending money on recovery as the situation was unclear, he added.
俄罗斯对铁路的袭击使得在乌克兰境内运输产品变得困难且危险,而对港口的打击则让出口变成了一场致命的赌博。
Russian attacks on railways have made transporting their products within Ukraine difficult and dangerous, and strikes against ports have turned exports into a lethal lottery.
“港口基本上已经被封锁了，”奥莱山大·米罗年科说，“每一艘船都面临被攻击的风险，生存的几率只有50%。7月1日欧盟实施的钢铁进口配额制度可能会进一步加剧乌克兰面临的困境。”
"Ports have essentially been blocked," said Oleksandr Myronenko. "Every ship is at risk of being attacked, and their chances are 50-50 - either you make it, or you don't."
然而，来自扎波罗热钢铁厂的丹尼斯·马克西什科依然保持乐观。他的同事们正在尽自己的一份力来恢复工厂的运转——清理废墟、修复那些还能修复的设备。他说：“这就像军队在战壕里所做的那样；普通人也在为拯救这座工厂而努力，就像士兵们在战斗一样。”
EU quotas on steel imports introduced on 1 July may compound the problems faced by Ukraine. But Denys Maksyshko, the Zaporizhstal worker, remains upbeat. His colleagues are doing their bit to revive the factory, clearing away rubble and fixing whatever can be fixed. "This is similar to what the military do in the trenches. Ordinary people are fighting to keep the factory alive like soldiers."