字号 ·· | 护眼
纽约客

厄尔尼诺的天气混乱El Niño’s Weather Chaos

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

正在太平洋地区不断加剧的厄尔尼诺现象确实非常可怕。该地区的海面温度已经超过了我们过去记录中的任何高温峰值,这意味着:我们必须做好应对混乱局面的准备。上周末的东北风暴已经让我们初步感受到了这种影响;如今,墨西哥的下加利福尼亚州也正在遭受飓风“波洛”带来的强风和突发洪水的侵袭。厄尔尼诺现象每隔几年就会发生一次,其形成原因是南美洲沿海地区的暖水逐渐堆积,随后随着风向的变化向东扩散。但气象学家认为,这次厄尔尼诺现象将是自1780年代开始监测以来最为强烈的一次。

The El Niño still growing in the Pacific is truly fearsome. Sea-surface temperatures in the area are running hotter than we’ve ever measured in past hot spells, meaning: batten down for chaos, some small taste of which we got from this past weekend’s nor’easter and which the Mexican state of Baja California is feeling today as intense winds and flash floods are forming from Hurricane Polo. El Niños come and go every few years as warm water builds along the coast of South America and then spreads eastward on shifted winds, but meteorologists think this will be the most intense example since tracking began, in the eighteen-seventies.

最新研究表明,全球变暖可能正在加剧厄尔尼诺现象的破坏力。毫无疑问,这次厄尔尼诺现象的发生正是由于温室气体排放导致的气温升高所引发的,这进一步加剧了其影响。实际上,我们现在正在提前体验到气候危机在未来十年左右可能带来的“常态”天气状况。可以说,我们正在“穿越时间”,提前看到了2036年的天气景象。

Recent research indicates that global warming may be making El Niños more powerful. And there’s absolutely no doubt that this one is riding in on top of temperatures already greatly elevated by greenhouse-gas emissions, escalating its impacts. In effect, we’re getting a preview of what “normal” weather will be, another decade or so into the climate crisis. We’re time-travelling to 2036. So what will this year’s El Niño bring?

那么,今年的厄尔尼诺现象会带来什么呢?没有人能够确切地预测——那些负责监测气温变化的科学家们不得不不断延长温度数据的纵轴(即表示温度范围的刻度)。今年夏季,一系列太平洋飓风袭击了夏威夷,造成了严重的破坏;美国西海岸可能会面临强降雨(不过这也可能暂时缓解该地区高山地区去年积雪过少的情况)。

No one can know for certain—the scientists who graph temperatures keep having to lengthen the y-axis. A train of Pacific hurricanes has been soaking Hawaii this season, accruing significant damage. Probably the West Coast of the U.S. can expect very heavy rainfall (though it may also allow for temporary relief from this past year’s no-pack snowpack in the high mountains there).

在南部非洲,由于2015-2016年的严重厄尔尼诺现象,玉米产量大幅下降,因此那里可能会发生干旱。过去,厄尔尼诺现象曾导致亚马逊地区发生严重干旱,而该地区本就难以承受更多的野火。令人担忧的是:伊朗的战争导致化肥使用量急剧减少;在非洲的某些地区,农民甚至难以获得化肥。干旱和洪水几乎肯定会进一步降低农作物产量。

It may mean drought in southern Africa, where corn harvests fell sharply during the big El Niño of 2015-16. In the past, we’ve seen dramatic drought in the Amazon, which can ill-afford more wildfires. One scary thought: the war in Iran has pushed fertilizer use down sharply; in some parts of Africa, farmers have struggled to find any at all. Drought and flood will almost certainly reduce yields further.

不难想象,这种情况会引发一系列连锁反应;而随着美国国际开发署(USAID)被马斯克解散,人道主义救援工作可能会比以往更加混乱无序。

A perfect storm is not hard to imagine, and, with U.S.A.I.D. now Musk-ed out of existence, the humanitarian response may be even more fragmented than usual.

虽然很难预测这些事件在政治层面会如何发展,但值得注意的是:当明年的总统初选活动逐渐升温时,厄尔尼诺现象带来的影响将达到顶峰。民主党政治家们试图掩盖气候变化问题的行为似乎正在减弱(例如,雄心勃勃的加文·纽森最近也加入了呼吁重新关注全球变暖问题的行列)。在这片充满不确定性的“历史阴云”中,或许仍有一线希望:如果我们能够共同努力,全球或许有机会摆脱对化石燃料的依赖。

It’s hard to guess how all this will play out politically, but it’s worth noting that El Niño’s peak effects will be in evidence as Presidential-primary politicking begins to gather momentum next year. “Climate-hushing” by Democratic politicians already seems to be on the wane. (Gavin Newsom, who seems fairly barometric in his ambition, recently joined a chorus calling for renewed focus on global warming.) One small flash of silver in these historic clouds may be that we raise the chances for concerted global action to get us off fossil fuel.

记者妮科尔·汉娜-琼斯为《纽约时报杂志》撰写了一篇引发热议的文章,讲述她将女儿送入一所陷入困境的当地学校——以及她后来为何感到后悔。杰·卡斯皮安·康认为,将不平等的学校制度问题个人化是错误的做法。阅读或收听该报道 »重温一起臭名昭著的英国性侵审判案,一名女性因在床上冒充男性而被定罪。

The journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones wrote a buzzy essay for the Times Magazine, about sending her daughter to a struggling local school—and how she has come to regret it. Jay Caspian Kang argues that personalizing the problem of an unequal school system is the wrong approach. Read or listen to the story » Revisiting a notorious British sexual-assault trial in which a woman was convicted of posing as a man in bed.\ All the A.I. garbage out there has made Vinson Cunningham “appreciate honest bullshit so much more.”

满屏的AI垃圾内容让文森·坎宁安“更加欣赏诚实的胡扯了。”但我们究竟如何分辨屏幕上什么才是真实的?

But how can we even tell what’s real on our screens?\ OpenAI has cancelled the release of its newest model, saying that it had “regressed” on safety measures compared to previous versions.

OpenAI取消了其最新模型的发布,称与前几个版本相比,该模型在安全措施方面“出现了倒退”。重温罗南·法罗和安德鲁·马兰茨关于围绕该公司及其首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼的担忧的报道。

昨天通讯中点击率最高的内容是关于司法部律师正在考虑是辞职还是继续为特朗普政府工作。

Revisit Ronan Farrow and Andrew Marantz’s reporting on the concerns surrounding the company and its C.E.O., Sam Altman.\ The most-clicked item in yesterday’s newsletter was about the D.O.J. lawyers considering whether to quit or keep working for the Trump Administration.

一场展览:塔林·西蒙在古根海姆博物馆的新展通过一名匿名FBI特工的漫长职业生涯,探讨爱国主义与父权制。

一本书:约书亚·斯佩希特生动的历史著作《地价》审视了美国两百五十年的土地所有权动荡史。

An exhibition: Taryn Simon’s new show at the Guggenheim grapples with patriotism and patriarchy through the long career of an anonymous F.B.I. agent.\ A book: Joshua Specht’s lively history “Property Values” considers two hundred and fifty years of land-ownership tumult in America.\ A movie: “Palimpsest: The Story of a Name,” by the Hong Kong-born filmmaker Mary Stephen, is a fascinating, playful quest to reconstruct a childhood.

一部电影:香港出生的导演玛丽·斯蒂芬执导的《重写:一个名字的故事》,是一场迷人而俏皮的追寻,试图重构一段童年。查看本周评论家们的其他推荐。今日填字游戏:离争球线最远的进攻球员——八个字母。分类游戏:你能将这些项目按正确顺序排列吗?字母接龙:你能每增加一个字母就组成一个更长的单词吗?漫画趣闻:测试你对《纽约客》经典漫画的了解程度。

See what else our critics recommend this week. Today’s Crossword Puzzle: Offensive player farthest from the line of scrimmage—eight letters.\ Catalogues: Can you sort the items into the correct order?\ Shuffalo: Can you make a longer word with each new letter?\ Laugh Lines: Test your knowledge of classic New Yorker cartoons.

P.S. 今晚季后赛洋基队将对阵红袜队,这是双方历史上第七次在季后赛相遇。我们深爱的前漫画家迈克尔·克劳福德曾完美捕捉了这场宿敌之战复杂微妙的情感本质。⚾️ 伊恩·克劳奇为今日版面供稿。

P.S. The Yankees meet the Red Sox tonight in the playoffs, in their seventh-ever post-season series. Our beloved former cartoonist Michael Crawford once perfectly captured the complicated emotional nature of the rivalry. ⚾️ Ian Crouch contributed to today’s edition.