加拿大旨在推进其多元化战略，而美国将推动世贸组织进行改革。当全球一些最大经济体的贸易部长今天齐聚威斯康星州时，会议室里那个“红白蓝”大象（指代美国）的存在将难以被忽视。
Canada aims to advance its diversification strategy, while Americans will push for WTO changes When trade ministers from some of the world's largest economies gather in Wisconsin today, it will be hard to ignore the red white and blue elephant in the room.
出席在密尔沃基举行的二十国集团（G20）贸易部长会议的大多数官员都发现自己处于充满挑战的境地，这在很大程度上是因为美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的全球关税议程。
Most of the officials attending the G20 trade ministers' meeting in Milwaukee find themselves in challenging positions, largely because of U.S. President Donald Trump's global tariff agenda.
包括加拿大在内的一些国家，由于特朗普政府在推行其所谓的“美国优先”议程时所施加的新关税、贸易壁垒和不确定性，被迫重新思考并重塑贸易关系。
Some, including Canada, have been forced to rethink and reshape trading relationships due to the new tariffs, barriers, and uncertainty imposed by the Trump administration as it pursues what it describes as an America-first agenda.
所有这些因素使得这次峰会可能变得不同寻常，场边的高层会议上，各国将讨论如何绕开东道主开展合作的计划。
All of this makes for a potentially unusual summit, with high-level meetings on the sidelines where different countries discuss plans to work around the host.
加拿大制造商转向印度这一“巨大”市场，两国正试图达成贸易协议。加拿大与欧盟达成协议以加强自由贸易协定。这正是加拿大在此次会议上的目标之一，政府正努力在可能的情况下减少对美国经济的依赖，并寻求推进与全球贸易伙伴的谈判。
Canadian manufacturer pivots to 'huge' market in India as the 2 countries try to strike trade deal Canadag agreement with EU to enhance free trade deal That is part of Canada's goal here, as it seeks to advance talks with global trading partners as the government works to reduce dependency on the U.S. economy where it can.
国际贸易部长马宁德·西杜（Maninder Sidhu）表示：“在一个更加不可预测的世界里，贸易多元化是加拿大的首选方案。”
"In a more unpredictable world, trade diversification is Canada's Plan A," said International Trade Minister Maninder Sidhu.
他在回复加拿大广播公司（CBC）新闻部多项提问的电子邮件中表示：“在过去一年中，我们对美以外地区的贸易额增长了17%，即330亿美元；目前近三分之一的加拿大出口流向美国以外的目的地，这是40年来的最高比例。”
"In the past year, our non-U.S. trade has increased by 17 per cent, or $33 billion, and nearly one-third of Canadian exports now go to destinations outside the United States, the highest share in 40 years," he said in an email sent in response to multiple questions from CBC News.
由于这是一次国际同行间的聚会，西杜将率领加拿大代表团，而不是加拿大-美国贸易部长多米尼克·勒布朗（Dominic LeBlanc）。
Sidhu is leading the Canadian delegation, not Canada-U.S. Trade Minister Dominic LeBlanc, since this is a gathering of international counterparts.
尽管预计西杜将与特朗普政府的首席谈判代表、美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔（Jamieson Greer）会面，但这预计不会成为重启加美贸易谈判的论坛。
While Sidhu is expected to cross paths with U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, the top Trump administration negotiator, this is not expected to be a forum to potentially resuscitate Canada-U.S. trade talks.
两国之间的谈判于8月破裂，原因是加拿大拒绝了美国最新提出的协议。格里尔和勒布朗表示，此后两人每周多次通电话，最近一次通话就在上周五。
Negotiations between the two countries broke down in August, after Canada rejected the latest U.S. deal. Greer and LeBlanc both say they have spoken by phone multiple times per week ever since, including as recently as last Friday.
美国周二对加拿大发动贸易战新一轮攻势，对包括大多数酒类在内的部分加拿大产品实施进口禁令。
The latest American shot against Canada in its trade war landed Tuesday, when an import ban on certain Canadians products, including most alcoholic drinks, came into effect.
锡杜表示，他计划与欧盟和印度代表团会面，希望推动与这两个贸易伙伴的谈判。
Sidhu said he has meetings planned with the delegations from the European Union and India, in the hopes of advancing negotiations with both trading partners.
他说：“我们正加快推进相关工作，以争取获得全球一些规模最大、增长最快经济体的更多市场准入。”
"We are moving at pace to secure greater access to some of the world's largest and fastest-growing economies," he said.
美国推动世贸组织改革 美国贸易代表办公室发布的一份新闻稿称，特朗普政府的优先事项，包括其关税议程，将在为期两天的峰会会议上集中展示。
U.S. pushes for WTO changes The priorities of the Trump administration, including its tariff agenda, will be showcased over two days of meetings at the summit, according to a news release from the U.S. trade representative's office.
讨论议题将包括“消除全球供应链中的强迫劳动”以及“应对结构性产能过剩、产能和产量问题”，其中还将举行一场专门讨论钢铁问题的会议。
Among the discussions will be "eliminating forced labour in global supply chains" and "addressing structural and excess capacity and production," including a meeting dedicated to steel.
但最引人关注的议题是美国推动改变世界贸易组织最惠国（MFN）规则。总部位于多伦多的贸易律师玛莎·哈里森说，她共同领导麦卡锡·泰特鲁律师事务所的国际贸易与投资团队。
But the issue that stands out the most is the American push to change the World Trade Organization's Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) rules, says Martha Harrison, a Toronto-based trade lawyer who co-leads the international trade and investment team at McCarthy Tétrault.
哈里森向加拿大广播公司解释称，为了简化一套高度专业且复杂的制度，最惠国原则旨在防止对其他世贸组织成员国实施歧视。
To simplify a deeply technical and complicated system, the MFN principle is meant to prevent discriminating against another WTO member country.
“你必须对世贸组织成员一律给予同等待遇，”她说，“而且必须统一适用相同的关税税率。”
"You have to give equal treatment to members of the WTO community," and "it has to be the same tariff rate across the board," Harrison told CBC News.
“说如果最惠国待遇原则被削弱……将会造成全球范围内的区别对待，并创造一个比现在更加不可预测的贸易环境，这绝非危言耸听。”特朗普政府长期以来一直对世贸组织的规则颇有微词，格里尔在2025年8月发表于《纽约时报》的一篇评论文章中阐述了他对改革的看法。
"It is not dramatic to say that if the MFN rule is softened … it will create distinctions and a trade environment globally that is even more unpredictable than it is now." The Trump administration has long complained about WTO rules, with Greer laying out his case for reform in an opinion essay published in August 2025 by the New York Times.
“全球制造业的大部分转移到了中国、越南和墨西哥等司法管辖区，这些地方的企业可以剥削弱势工人，或从广泛的国家支持中获益，而美国却背负了绝对值上世界历史上最高的贸易逆差，”格里尔写道。
"The bulk of global manufacturing shifted to jurisdictions such as China, Vietnam, and Mexico where companies could exploit vulnerable workers or benefit from expansive state support while the United States ran up what in absolute terms is the highest trade deficit in the history of the world," Greer wrote.
“国际贸易规则不能成为自杀公约，”他继续说道，并补充称美国已经“为新的全球贸易秩序奠定了基础”，他援引了美国刚刚与欧盟签署的一项协议作为例证。
"The rules of international trade cannot be a suicide pact," he continued, adding that the U.S. has "laid the foundation for a new global trading order," citing an agreement that the U.S. had just signed with the European Union.
哈里森表示，美国的立场是“最惠国待遇原则的设计初衷，是基于一个各国大体上遵循相似规则的世界”。
Harrison said the U.S. position is that “MFN was designed for a world where countries broadly played by similar rules."
“华盛顿现在认为，一些国家在追求国家主导的产业政策或维持非市场行为的同时，却从世贸组织的准入中获益。”然而，哈里森指出，改变最惠国待遇规则将给依赖国际供应链的企业带来更多的不确定性和混乱。
"Washington now argues that some countries benefit from WTO access while pursuing state-led industrial policies or maintaining non-market practices." However, changing the MFN rules would lead to more uncertainty and confusion for businesses that rely on international supply chains, Harrison said.
“这最终影响的不仅是加拿大和美国之间的贸易关系，还有世界各地受基于规则的体系所管辖的贸易关系，”她说。
"It impacts, ultimately, not just the trading relationship between Canada and the U.S., but trading relationships around the world that are governed by the rules based system," she said.
世贸组织长期以来一直难以就改革达成一致，因为该组织实行协商一致原则，而其166个成员国处于不同的经济发展阶段，且往往存在利益冲突。
The WTO has long struggled to find agreement on reforms in the consensus-based organization, as its 166 members are at different stages of economic development and often have conflicting interests.
9月15日，该组织敦促其成员国改革全球贸易规则，否则将面临陷入碎片化的风险，这可能会大幅降低经济产出，并对贫困国家造成最严重的打击。
On Sept. 15, the organization urged its members to reform global trade rules or risk a slide into fragmentation that could significantly reduce economic output and hit poorer countries hardest.
世界贸易组织在其年度报告中表示，现行规则已难以跟上经济力量转移、产业政策兴起、数字贸易发展以及大国间政治紧张局势加剧的步伐。本文部分内容参考路透社报道
In its annual report, the WTO said existing rules have struggled to keep pace with shifts in economic power, the rise of industrial policy, digital trade and escalating political tensions between major powers. With files from Reuters