资料照片：2021年的法国北部一处海滩，移民曾从那里出发，试图横渡英吉利海峡前往英格兰。休·斯科菲尔德发自巴黎。法国法院已认定六名人口走私犯造成31名移民死亡，构成英吉利海峡迄今最严重的小型船只事故。
File photo from 2021 of a beach in northern France used by migrants to attempt the Channel crossing to England Hugh Schofield in Paris Six people traffickers have been found guilty in France of causing the deaths of 31 migrants in the worst ever small-boat accident in the Channel. At the end of a four-week trial in Paris, the six were convicted of "involuntary homicide" and given prison terms of between six and 10 years.
巴黎历时四周的审判结束时，六人被判犯有“非故意杀人罪”，分别获刑六年至十年。另有七人获刑较轻，最高四年；一人被判无罪。
Seven others were given lesser sentences of up to four years, and one person was found not guilty. The boat went down early in the morning on 24 November 2021 after sending distress calls to French and British coastguards.
2021年11月24日清晨，这艘船在向法国和英国海岸警卫队发出遇险呼叫后沉没。遇难者包括一名七岁儿童，主要是伊拉克库尔德人，也有阿富汗人、埃及人和伊朗库尔德人。仅两名男子幸存。
The dead, including a child of seven, were mainly Iraqi Kurds but also included Afghans, Egyptians and Iranian Kurds. Only two men survived. The charge sheet said the migrants had been put to sea from the French coast in a boat "that was of poor quality, uncertified, unsuitable for navigation at sea, overloaded, and without correct life jackets".
起诉书称，这些移民乘坐的船只从法国海岸出海，该船“质量低劣、未经认证一位家庭成员扎娜·马尔曼德·穆罕默德在法庭上表示，她的弟弟特瓦纳“想去英国找工作，因为那里的地缘政治局势非常危险”。家里没人希望他离开，但他们无法劝阻他。扎尼亚尔的父亲纳比·穆斯塔法·米纳回忆说，他曾试图劝阻儿子不要出国：“我说我会帮他找对象结婚，把我的房子给他，甚至愿意把我的工资分给他一半。但他坚持说想要更好的生活，认为自己能够独自应对一切困难。我实在无话可说。”
The trial established that the guilty men were members of two separate networks – one of which was Iraqi Kurd, the other Afghan – that co-operated to organise the cross-channel journey and bring migrants to the meeting point. Unusually the court was attended at the start by several family members, who came to France from Iraqi Kurdistan and gave moving testimony about how the victims came to be on board the boat. Image caption, Some of the victims (from left): Mohammed Hussein Mohammedie, Mhabad Ahmad Ali, Bilind Shakir Baker, Shakar Ali Pirot, Bryar Hamad Abdulrahman, and Hasti Rizghar Hussein Speaking after the verdict, their lawyer Matthieu Chirez said the decision "comes as a relief for all the civil plaintiffs because it confirms the penal responsibility of the traffickers".
这些家庭成员还讲述了他们如何在伊拉克库尔德斯坦的银行支付了定金，随后跟踪他们在土耳其、意大利和法国的行踪。特瓦纳在最后留下的信息中，发了一张自己在埃菲尔铁塔前的照片。
He said the trial had "humanised the families of victims". One family member, Zana Marmand Muhammed, told the court how his younger brother Twana had "wanted to go to England to find a job and because the geopolitical situation with us is dangerous. No-one in the family wanted him to leave, but we could not dissuade him." Nabi Mustafa Mina, the father of Zanyar who was 19 when he died, told of how he tried to dissuade his son from leaving.
法庭还听取了其中一名幸存者伊萨·奥马尔的陈述（该陈述由他的律师代为宣读）。奥马尔表示：“我本希望能亲自出庭，但我已经没有力气了。那场灾难之后，我感觉自己的一部分仿佛永远消失了。”他的律师马蒂厄·奇雷兹说：“奥马尔紧紧抓住漂浮的尸体和救生衣，为了不让自己入睡而保持清醒，通过不断游泳来维持心跳。”
"I said I would help him to get married, I would give him my house, I would divide my salary in two. But no, he said he wanted a better life, that he would get by somehow. I ran out of arguments," he said. The family-members explained how they had paid a deposit at a bank in Iraqi Kurdistan and then followed their loved ones' progress through Turkey, Italy and then France. In one of the last messages from Twana, he posted a picture of himself at the Eiffel Tower. The court also heard a statement from one of the two survivors, Issa Omar, read out by his lawyer. Omar said that he "would have liked to appear before the judge but I do not have the strength.
据盖蒂图片社报道，律师马蒂厄·奇雷兹表示，这一判决对遇难者的家属来说是一种解脱。调查这起灾难的警方通过手机追踪技术，确认了这两批移民的行踪。
Since the wreck I have the impression that part of me disappeared beneath the waves." His lawyer Matthieu Chirez said that Omar had "clung to floating bodies, to a life-jacket. He survived by keeping his eyes open so as not to go to sleep, and swimming to keep his heart beating".
那些涉案人员被指控为移民提供庇护，将他们从法国运送到加莱附近的非法营地，并在移民出发当晚提供了帮助。
via Getty Images Lawyer Matthieu Chirez (C) said the verdict had come as a relief to victims' families Police investigating the disaster used phone tracking to identify members of the two networks.
涉嫌领导这个伊拉克库尔德人组织的嫌疑人巴什达尔并未出庭受审，他目前被关押在伊拉克。他的亲密助手哈伦·艾哈迈德·阿巴瓦克尔被判处八年监禁。
The lesser figures were accused of sheltering migrants, transporting them across France to the so-called "jungle" camp outside Calais, and helping on the night of the departure. The alleged leader of the Iraqi Kurd network – named as Bashdar – was not a defendant in the trial.
10年有期徒刑的最重判决判给了奥巴伊杜拉·马鲁夫赫勒，他经营阿富汗网络。他与另一名被告一起被缺席审判。
He is in custody in Iraq. His close aide – Harem Ahmed Abawaker – was given eight years in prison. The biggest sentence, of 10 years, went to Obaidullah Maroofkhel, who ran the Afghan network.
这14人中大多数是阿富汗人或伊拉克库尔德人。除一名被告外，所有被告均以自由人身份出庭受审，因此判决宣读后，法院发出了六份逮捕令。
He was tried in his absence along with one other defendant. Most of the 14 were Afghans or Iraqi Kurds. All but one of the defendants appeared in the trial as free men, so following the verdict the court issued six arrest warrants.
另一起警方调查正在对七名法国武装部队成员展开，原因是他们涉嫌在事发当晚未能前去援助移民。
A separate police investigation is under way into seven members of the French armed forces for allegedly failing to come to the help of the migrants on the night of the disaster.
这七人当时在区域海上救援中心或海军舰艇上，涉嫌无视该船发出的求救信号。关于建议是否将他们送上法庭的决定将在未来几个月内做出。
The seven were at the regional sea rescue centre or on board a navy ship, and are alleged to have ignored distress calls from the boat. A decision on whether to recommend them for trial will be taken in the coming months.
审判结束之际，法国和英国宣布终止所谓的“一进一出”计划，根据该计划，英国政府将非法跨越英吉利海峡的移民送回法国，作为交换，英国接受那些极有可能获得庇护的人。
The trial ended as France and the UK announced it was ending the so-called one-in one-out scheme under which the British government sent back irregular cross-Channel migrants to France, and in return accepted individuals with a likely prospect of being granted asylum.
法国早已表示，这一为期一年的计划已使1000多名移民换国，但并未在打击贩运者商业模式方面产生预期效果。
France had already signalled that the year-long programme, which has seen a little more than 1,000 migrants switch country, was not producing expected results in breaking the traffickers' business model.