尽管跨性别者仅占美国人口估计的1%,但我们越来越成为限制性政府政策和大选年恐吓宣传的攻击目标。这在唐纳德·特朗普总统任内尤为明显,自其第二任期首日起,他便在生活的方方面面——从教育、就业、兵役、身份认证到医疗保健——针对跨性别群体,并将跨性别者作为政治筹码以动员其认定的基本盘。
Even though transgender people represent only an estimated 1% of the United States population, we are increasingly the target of restrictive government policies and election-year fear-mongering. This has been especially true under President Donald Trump, who, since day one of his second administration, has targeted transgender people across all areas of life—from education to employment to military service to identification to health care—and used trans people as political pawns to mobilize his perceived base.
本周政府宣布撤销拜登时代列举LGBTQ学生保护措施的法规,这再次凸显了联邦政府在大选临近之际霸凌跨性别青少年的不懈努力。然而,尽管这一最新攻击毫无必要且残酷无情,撤销法规并不会真正改变法律;学校可以而且应当继续在所有教育项目中平等地接纳跨性别学生。
This week’s announcement that the administration is rescinding Biden-era regulations enumerating protections for LGBTQ students is yet another example of the federal government’s unrelenting effort to bully transgender young people, particularly as elections approach. But while this latest attack is gratuitous and cruel, the rescission does not actually change the law; schools can and should continue to include transgender students equally in all educational programs.
《教育修正案第九条》(Title IX)这项1972年的里程碑式法律禁止学校中的性别歧视,常与推动体育领域公平竞争的努力联系在一起,但该法规涵盖了教育领域的所有性别歧视,从教室到教师休息室再到篮球场。
Title IX, the landmark 1972 law prohibiting sex discrimination in schools, is often associated with efforts to even the playing field in sports, but the statute addresses all sex discrimination in education from the classroom to the teacher’s lounge to the basketball court.
2024年,拜登政府采取了重要措施,确保LGBTQ学生获得充分保护。尽管我认为拜登政府的《第九条》规则在某些方面有所欠缺,但它也包含了禁止基于性取向和跨性别身份歧视的综合性法规。然而,这些法规被法院叫停,从未生效;取而代之的是政府恢复执行时任教育部长贝西·德沃斯于2020年颁布的规则。特朗普政府本周正式恢复德沃斯规则的举措,并未改变当前正在执行的标准,也未削减LGBTQ学生现有的法律保护。
In 2024, the Biden Administration took important steps to ensure that LGBTQ students were fully protected. While I would argue that the Biden Title IX rule fell short in some respects, it also included comprehensive regulations prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation and transgender status. Those regulations were blocked in court, however, and never took effect; instead, the government reverted to a 2020 rule issued under then-Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. The Trump administration’s action this week to formally reinstate the DeVos rule does not change the standards currently being enforced or reduce existing legal protections for LGBTQ students.
这只是一个残酷且不必要的姿态,贬低了LGBTQ学生法律保护的重要性以及跨性别青少年的尊严。
Rather, it is a cruel and unnecessary gesture that demeans the importance of legal protections for LGBTQ students and the dignity of trans youth.
尽管特朗普总统可能暗示他有权重写《第九条》,但这不在行政部门的权力范围内。《第九条》本身仍禁止教育领域的性别歧视,最高法院已裁定,不可能在不基于性别进行歧视的情况下,歧视某人因其是同性恋者或跨性别者。除非最高法院另有裁决,这一一般原则依然有效,这意味着LGBTQ学生仍保留联邦民权法赋予的保护。
As much as President Trump may suggest that he can rewrite Title IX, that is not within the power of the executive. Title IX itself still prohibits sex discrimination in education, and the Supreme Court has held that it is impossible to discriminate against someone for being gay or transgender without discriminating on the basis of sex. Unless and until the Supreme Court says otherwise, this general proposition still stands, which means LGBTQ students retain protections under federal civil rights law.
诚然,今年早些时候,最高法院允许在体育这一独特的“零和”语境下排除跨性别学生,称各州和学校可将跨性别女性和女孩排除在女子体育项目之外。但该裁决和现已恢复的2020年《第九条》法规均未规定学校必须将跨性别女孩排除在女子体育项目之外。而在体育领域之外,联邦和地方层面对LGBTQ学生的保护依然有效且具有完全的可执行性。鉴于政府持续散布残酷的反跨性别言论,学校比以往任何时候都更坚定地致力于保护LGBTQ学生至关重要。
To be sure, earlier this year the Supreme Court permitted the exclusion of transgender students in the unique, zero-sum, context of sports, where, it said, states and schools may exclude transgender women and girls from women’s and girls’ sports. But neither that decision nor the now-revived 2020 Title IX regulations says that schools must exclude transgender girls from girls’ sports. And, outside of sports, both federal and local protections for LGBTQ students remain valid and fully enforceable. With the administration's continued cruel anti-trans rhetoric, it is more important than ever that schools do not waver in their commitment to protecting LGBTQ students.
即使没有这些针对他们权利的最新攻击,LGBTQ 学生在学校遭受歧视的比例就已居高不下。一项针对 2800 名自我认同为 LGBTQ 的学生的最新调查显示,68% 的受访者因跨性别身份遭受过骚扰或袭击,62% 的受访者因性取向遭受过骚扰或袭击。同一项调查在 2024 年大选后进行了后续焦点小组访谈,结果记录到大选后“敌意、霸凌和骚扰”显著增加。
Even without these latest attacks on their rights, LGBTQ students documented elevated rates of discrimination in school. A recent survey of 2,800 LGBTQ-identified students reported that 68% experienced harassment or assault based on their transgender status and 62% experienced harassment or assault based on their sexual orientation. That same survey conducted a follow-up focus group after the 2024 election. In doing so, they documented significant increases in “hostility, bullying, and harassment” following the 2024 election.
一个脆弱的青年群体正因妖魔化他们的政治环境和言论而变得更加脆弱。现在,所有人的目光都必须转向肩负保护他们责任的州和地方官员。
A vulnerable group of young people is being made more vulnerable by the political conditions and rhetoric demonizing them. Now all eyes must turn to the state and local officials charged with protecting them.