东京——根据《日经新闻》的调查显示，近四分之三的日本企业领袖认为，政府计划对食品类商品实施的消费税减免政策应严格遵守“两年时限”的规定；他们担心这一政策会削弱市场竞争机制并破坏财政纪律。
TOKYO -- Nearly three quarters of Japanese business leaders say a two-year limit on the government's planned consumption tax cut on food should be strictly observed, a Nikkei survey shows, reflecting concerns about undermining competition and fiscal discipline.
在这项针对日本主要企业高管的定期调查中，139名受访者中有72.9%的人表示，这项原定于2027年4月生效的减税政策必须按照原计划在两年后取消。该调查于9月2日至9月24日期间进行。
In a regular survey of top executives at major Japanese companies, 72.9% of the 139 respondents said the tax cut, aimed to take effect in April 2027, must be rolled back after two years as proposed. The survey was conducted from Sept. 2 to Sept. 24.
首相高市宪司领导的政府计划将食品类商品的消费税率从目前的8%降至1%；再加上另外相当于1个百分点的税收优惠，实际税收负担将降至零。
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's government aims to lower the consumption tax on food products from the current 8% to 1%. Combined with a benefit equivalent to the remaining one percentage point, the effective tax burden would be reduced to zero.
此次减税措施被视为一个临时性的过渡措施，政府希望在2029财年全面推出新的与收入挂钩的税收优惠政策。
The tax cut is intended as a temporary bridge until fiscal 2029, when the government hopes to fully introduce a new income-linked benefits program.
在受访者中，有79.2%的人将“维护这一两年时限”视为维护财政纪律的重要理由。
Fiscal discipline was the most commonly cited reason for maintaining the two-year limit, given by 79.2% of respondents.
三菱材料公司首席执行官田中哲也表示：“在这段时间里，政府应制定出向可退还的税收抵免制度平稳过渡的方案，并确保有稳定的资金来源。”
"During those two years, the government should flesh out a smooth transition to a refundable tax credit and secure a stable source of funding," Mitsubishi Materials CEO Tetsuya Tanaka said.
高市宪司表示她会负责确保减税政策在两年后恢复正常税率。然而，只有44.3%的受访者认为政府能够将税率重新调回8%；另有26.8%的受访者认为这非常困难。
Takaichi has said that she will take responsibility for ensuring the tax rate is restored after two years. But only 44.3% of executives said it would be possible to return the tax to 8%. Another 26.8% said it would be difficult.
FamilyMart公司总裁尾谷达夫指出：“再次提高税率必然会导致消费放缓。我最担心的是大规模财政刺激措施导致的财政赤字进一步扩大，以及由此引发的日元进一步贬值。”此次消费税减免政策每年需要约5万亿日元（318亿美元）的资金支持。虽然政府表示不会依赖发行赤字融资债券来弥补税收损失，但尚未提出具体的收入弥补方案。
"Raising the tax rate again will inevitably produce a slowdown in consumption," FamilyMart President Tatsuo Odani said. "What concerns me most is a widening fiscal deficit caused by large-scale fiscal stimulus and a resulting further weakening of the yen." The consumption tax cut will require funding of roughly 5 trillion yen ($31.8 billion) a year. While the government has said it will not rely on deficit-financing bonds, it has yet to present a specific plan for offsetting the revenue decline.
被问及通过提高法人税率来弥补成本时，84.2%的高管表示反对，理由是这将削弱日本企业的国际竞争力，并抑制研发和资本支出投资。
Asked about raising the corporate tax rate to cover the costs, 84.2% of executives said they were opposed, arguing that would undermine Japanese companies' international competitiveness and discourage investment in research, development and capital spending.
旭化成社长工藤晧司表示：“有人担心这会抑制增长投资和加薪势头。”
"There are concerns that it could dampen growth investment and the momentum toward higher wages," said Koshiro Kudo, president of materials group Asahi Kasei.
在被问及应优先采取哪些措施确保替代财源时（可多选），56.8%的受访者提到削减开支，其次是社会保障改革，占34.5%。
When asked which measures to secure alternative funding should be prioritized, with multiple answers allowed, 56.8% of respondents cited spending cuts, followed by social security reform at 34.5%.
对于减税作为应对物价上涨对策的有效性，仍存强烈怀疑。被问及减税对日本经济的影响时，53.4%的受访者表示将有限。在日经高管调查（3月实施）中，66.3%的人表示反对降低消费税。
There remains strong skepticism toward the tax cut's effectiveness as a response to rising prices. Asked about the effect the tax reduction will have on Japan's economy, 53.4% of respondents said it would be limited. In a Nikkei executive survey conducted in March, 66.3% said they opposed a consumption tax cut.
西武控股社长西山隆一郎表示：“消费支出模式可能会在被排除在减税对象之外的餐饮、住宿等行业，与符合减税条件的行业之间出现扭曲。”该集团业务涵盖铁路、商店和酒店。
"There is a possibility that consumer spending patterns will become skewed between those who are excluded from the tax cut -- like restaurants and lodgings -- and sectors that qualify for it," said Ryuichiro Nishiyama, president of Seibu Holdings, whose businesses include railroads, stores and hotels.
与此同时，许多高管表示支持可退税额。“可退税额对于建设强韧的中产阶级极为重要，”东日本旅客铁道社长清水哲男说道。
Meanwhile, many executives expressed support for refundable tax credits. "Refundable tax credits are extremely important for building a robust middle class," said East Japan Railway President Yoichi Kise.