里斯本，9月30日——葡萄牙议会周三首次审议并通过了一项备受争议的租赁市场改革法案。该改革旨在加快驱逐租户的进程，并取消新租赁合同的租金管制措施。中右翼政府希望此举能鼓励房东将更多房屋投放市场。
LISBON, Sept 30 - Portugal's parliament approved on Wednesday, in the first reading, a contentious rental market overhaul aimed at speeding up evictions and ending rent controls on new leases in what the centre-right government hopes will encourage landlords to put more homes on the market.
这项改革遭到了租户协会的强烈批评，他们称其为“残酷的政策”。这与邻国西班牙的情况形成了鲜明对比：西班牙的左翼政府在周二宣布，将在2030年前禁止驱逐弱势租户，并采取了其他相关措施，以应对驱逐租户和租金上涨的挑战。
The reform, criticised by tenants' associations as "savagery", sharply contrasts with developments in neighbouring Spain where the leftist government on Tuesday decreed a ban on evictions of vulnerable tenants until 2030, along with other measures, amid protests against evictions and rising rents.
在辩论过程中，极右翼政党“Chega”最初表示反对，但在最终投票时选择弃权；所有左翼政党则投了反对票。
The general outline of the reform was approved after the far-right party Chega unexpectedly abstained after having expressed its objections during the debate, while all left-wing parties voted against.
葡萄牙目前正面临欧洲最严重的住房危机之一：自2017年以来，新租赁合同的租金几乎翻了一番，许多家庭已无力承担这些租金。政府称，由于法律上的不确定性，仍有超过25万套房屋闲置未出租；但租户组织认为，这项改革只会加剧住房危机。
Portugal faces one of Europe's worst housing crises, with rents for new leases nearly doubling since 2017 and becoming unaffordable for many households. The government says more than 250,000 homes remain empty because legal uncertainty discourages owners from renting them out, but tenants' groups argue the reform would only deepen the crisis.
“这项改革提案简直太残酷了，”里斯本租户协会负责人安东尼奥·马查多对路透社表示，它将进一步扭曲租赁市场的格局，使房东占据优势，反而会导致租金进一步上涨，而无法缓解住房 affordability（即住房可负担性）问题。他还批评政府加快驱逐租户的计划是“纯粹的机会主义行为”，并指出租户拖欠租金的情况其实非常罕见。
"This reform proposal is sheer savagery," Antonio Machado, head of the Lisbon Tenants' Association, told Reuters, saying that it would "further skew the rental market in favour of landlords" and only lead to higher rents rather than alleviate the housing affordability crisis. He also dismissed the government's plans to speed up evictions as "pure opportunism", arguing that cases involving tenants defaulting on rent are negligible.
“Chega”政党表示希望在最终投票前修改部分条款，因为他们认为这些条款会给租户和房东带来不确定性，并呼吁寻求“更加平衡的解决方案”。
Chega has said it wants to modify some provisions before the final vote that it said would create uncertainty for both tenants and landlords and called for "a more balanced solution".
这个拥有约1100万人口的国家，约有100万套出租房屋，其中超过23%的租赁合同已经签订超过20年。
The country of about 11 million people has around a million rented homes, with more than 23% of leases over 20 years old.
该改革将通过将租金欠缴阈值从三个月降至两个月，并允许房东驱逐那些多次租金逾期超过八天的租户，从而加快驱逐程序。它还将取消今年对过去五年内出租物业的租金涨幅2%的上限。
The reform would speed up evictions by cutting the rent arrears threshold from three months to two months and allowing landlords to evict tenants who repeatedly pay their rent more than eight days late. It would also end a 2% cap on rent increases this year for properties rented out within the previous five years.