据彭博新闻社报道，俄罗斯的军事支出至少将在未来三年维持高位。随着俄乌战争持续重塑该国财政，政府将不得不四处寻找新的收入来源，包括从矿业意外收益中筹资以及出售被扣押资产所得等。
By Bloomberg News Russia’s military spending will remain elevated for at least three years forcing the government to scour everything from mining windfalls to proceeds from the sale of seized assets for new revenue as the war on Ukraine continues to reshape the country’s finances.
俄罗斯计划在未来三年将军事支出维持在接近纪录水平。据政府周四提交议会的一份法案称，俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争已进入第五个年头，仍需消耗庞大资源。2027年战争支出预计约为17万亿卢布（2050亿美元），较此前目标高27%；2028年也只会小幅降至16.6万亿卢布。
Russia plans to keep military spending near record levels over the next three years as its war in Ukraine, now well into its fifth year, continues to demand vast resources, according to a bill submitted by the government to parliament on Thursday. War outlays are set at about 17 trillion rubles ($205 billion) in 2027, 27% above the previous target, and will decline only slightly to 16.6 trillion rubles in 2028.
为筹措这笔巨额支出，政府将不得不加大从经济其他几乎所有领域获取资金的程度，包括提高税收、收费以及从其他来源增加收入。战争造成的压力加上能源收入走弱，已缩小政府的政策回旋空间。今年预算赤字预计约占国内生产总值的2%。
Financing that burden will require the government to draw more heavily on almost every other part of the economy, through higher taxes, fees and other sources of revenue, as the strain from the war, combined with weaker energy revenue, has narrowed the government’s room to maneuver. The budget deficit this year is expected to be around 2% of gross domestic product.
矿业和化肥行业将承担最大的新增负担之一。政府计划，当某些大宗商品的全球平均价格按卢布计算较2025年基准水平上涨至少10%时，最高可征收其超额利润的30%。
The mining and fertilizer industries are among those facing the biggest new burdens, with the government planning to take as much as 30% of excess profits when the average global price for certain commodities, calculated in ruble terms, rises at least 10% above its 2025 base level.
黄金矿企将面临20%的意外收益税。政府预计，对矿业和金属行业征收的新税每年将筹集约2000亿卢布。
Gold miners would face a 20% windfall tax. The government expects the new levy on the mining and metals sector to raise about 200 billion rubles a year.
未来数年更广泛的开源措施还包括：对股息征收新税、调整利润税制度、提高其他来源的征缴额，以及出售被扣押资产所得。
The broader revenue drive for the next years also includes new taxes on dividends, changes to profit taxation, higher collections from other sources, as well as proceeds from the sale of seized assets.