从阿尔伯塔省油砂通往太平洋海岸的新管道可能会缓和该省的分离主义紧张局势，同时也会放松与美国的能源纽带。
The new pipeline from Alberta’s oil sands to the Pacific Coast may lower separatist tensions in that province while also loosening energy ties with the U.S.
加拿大总理马克·卡尼（Mark Carney）于周四推进了一条输油管道，这可能有助于他度过由特朗普总统的贸易战所引发的经济动荡，并缓解阿尔伯塔省对国家统一的分离主义威胁。
An oil pipeline advanced by Prime Minister Mark Carney of Canada on Thursday could help him weather the economic turmoil caused by President Trump’s trade war and ease a separatist threat to national unity in Alberta.
该管道将把阿尔伯塔省内陆的油砂与不列颠哥伦比亚省太平洋海岸的一个扩建港口连接起来，从而增强加拿大向亚洲以及美国以外的其他市场销售石油的能力。阿尔伯塔省长期以来一直渴望实现这一目标。
The pipeline would connect Alberta’s landlocked oil sands to an expanded port on British Columbia’s Pacific Coast, increasing Canada’s ability to sell oil to Asia and other markets beyond the United States. Alberta has long sought it.
宣布该项目成为通过卡尼先生简化后的监管和环境审查程序而获得快速推进的首个重大项目，距离阿尔伯塔人投票决定是否继续留在加拿大或举行分离公投不到三周时间。
The announcement that it is the first major project to be fast-tracked through Mr. Carney’s streamlined regulatory and environmental review process came less than three weeks before Albertans vote on whether to remain a part of Canada or hold a separation referendum.
卡尼先生站在阿尔伯塔省石油储量中心麦克默里堡（Fort McMurray）一辆有建筑物那么大的油砂自卸卡车前，将这条管道作为团结的加拿大所能取得成就的象征。
Standing before a building sized oil sands dump truck in Fort McMurray, Alberta, the center of the petroleum reserve, Mr. Carney pitched the pipeline as a symbol of what a united Canada can achieve.
“这是加拿大力量的展示，”他说道。与他一同站在台上的还有阿尔伯塔省保守党籍省长丹妮尔·史密斯（Danielle Smith），她通常是联邦政府的激烈批评者。“加拿大正在运转。”史密斯女士表示赞同，她上个月在描述阿尔伯塔人对加拿大的不满时曾险些落泪。
“It is a demonstration of the power of Canada,” he said, standing with Danielle Smith, Alberta’s conservative premier, usually a fierce critic of the federal government. “Canada’s working.”Ms. Smith, who was on the verge of tears last month as she described Albertans’ grievances with Canada, agreed.
“总会有一些我们可能会存在分歧的问题，”史密斯女士说，“但我看到加拿大政府采取的方法是，他们真心想要找出问题并真心去解决问题——我认为这将证明加拿大是行得通的。”在10月19日的公投中，阿尔伯塔人将被问及他们是想留在加拿大，还是就离开国家举行另一次投票。史密斯女士支持留在国内，但她在联合保守党内部的大部分支持都来自于强硬的分离主义分子。
“There’s always going to be issues where we might have some disagreement,” Ms. Smith said. “But the approach that I’ve seen the government of Canada take is one where they genuinely want to identify problems and genuinely solve them — and I think that that’s going to demonstrate that Canada can work.”In a referendum on Oct. 19, Albertans will be asked whether they want to remain in Canada or hold another vote on leaving the country. Ms. Smith supports staying, but much of her support within the United Conservative Party comes from hard-line separatists.
许多其他加拿大人，尤其是阿尔伯塔省以外的居民，对这条石油管道项目的态度并不热情。据估计，该项目的建设成本将在352亿至437亿加元之间。联邦政府还将额外投入100亿加元来升级温哥华地区的港口设施，以便能够停靠那些能够运输200万桶石油的油轮。
Many other Canadians, particularly outside Alberta, are less enthusiastic about the oil pipeline. which by current estimates would cost between 35.2 billion and 43.7 billion Canadian dollars. The federal government will spend another 10 billion to upgrade a Vancouver-area port so it can dock tankers able to carry 2 million barrels of oil.
卡尼表示，这条石油管道将是减少加拿大对美国市场依赖的重要举措——目前加拿大约90%的石油出口都流向美国市场。石油和天然气是加拿大最大的出口产品，也是加拿大与美国商品贸易顺差的来源。特朗普曾多次以这一贸易顺差为依据，对加拿大商品征收关税，并最近还对某些加拿大产品实施了进口禁令。
Mr. Carney said the pipeline would be a major step forward toward reducing Canada’s reliance on the U.S. market, which takes about 90 percent of its oil exports. Oil and gas are Canada’s largest exports and account for its merchandise trade surplus with the United States. Mr. Trump has repeatedly cited that surplus to justify his tariffs on Canadian goods and has recently imposed import bans on some Canadian products.
油砂也是加拿大最大的碳排放源；环保人士担心，这条石油管道只会加剧环境问题。要完成该管道的建设，油砂企业必须将日产量至少提高100万桶。而从油砂中提取和分离石油的过程中需要燃烧大量的天然气。
The oil sands are also Canada’s largest source of carbon pollution, and environmentalists say the pipeline will only worsen that. Filling the pipeline would require oil sands companies to increase production by at least 1 million barrels a day. Recovering and separating oil in the sands involves burning large amounts of natural gas.
周四，卡尼表示该项目与一些石油公司达成了协议，这些公司将共同在阿尔伯塔省建立碳捕获系统，并将这些捕获的二氧化碳埋藏在地下。不过，该协议并不具有法律约束力，目前尚不清楚谁将承担相关费用，也不清楚这一技术措施在经济上是否可行。
On Thursday, Mr. Carney said that the project is linked to an agreement with oil companies to build a network in Alberta to capture their carbon emissions and bury them underground. But that agreement is not binding, and it is unclear who will pay for the system or whether it is technically and economically viable.
环保人士还担心港口扩建和石油管道建设可能对海洋生物造成的危害以及可能发生的石油泄漏事件。周二，卡尼宣布了新的措施，称这些措施将有助于缓解这些担忧。
Environmentalists are also concerned about the risks to marine animals and oil spills from the port expansion and pipeline. On Tuesday, Mr. Carney announced new measures that, he said, would alleviate those worries.
关于这条石油管道的经济可行性，仍存在许多疑问。尽管该项目曾在卡尼主持的一次投资峰会上被推介，但至今只有一家私人投资者表示愿意参与投资（其持股比例为10%），联邦政府将成为最大的股东。
Questions also remain about the pipeline’s economic viability. Although it was pitched at a recent investment summit hosted by Mr. Carney, only one private investor has come forward and will hold a 10 percent stake. The federal government will be the largest shareholder.
新管道预计将在很大程度上沿用贾斯汀·特鲁道领导的自由党政府收购并扩建的跨山管道（Trans Mountain pipeline）路线。尽管该项目为加拿大石油公司打开了亚洲市场，但它并未给特鲁道政府在加拿大西部赢得多少政治声誉。
The new pipeline is expected to largely follow the route of the Trans Mountain pipeline, which Justin Trudeau’s Liberal government bought and expanded. While that project opened Asian markets to Canadian oil companies, it earned the Trudeau government little to no political credit in Western Canada.
根据周四宣布的计划，该管道将在规划和设计阶段接受审查。一个新的单一机构将根据不同的法律同时进行各项审查，并负责与沿线原住民社区进行协商。政府表示，该管道及其建设将为原住民创造就业机会，原住民拥有的企业也将在建设期间成为供应商。卡尼先生表示，所有批准工作都将在2027年9月1日前完成。
Under the plan announced Thursday, the pipeline will be reviewed as it is planned and designed. A new, single agency will conduct the various reviews under different laws simultaneously and will be responsible for consulting Indigenous communities along the route. The pipeline and its construction will create jobs for Indigenous people, and Indigenous owned businesses will be suppliers during construction, the government has said. All approvals, Mr. Carney said, will be in place by Sept. 1, 2027.
伊恩·奥斯汀（Ian Austen）为《时报》报道加拿大新闻。他出生于安大略省温莎市，现常驻渥太华，报道该国新闻已有二十年之久。他的电子邮箱是 austen@nytimes.com。
Ian Austen reports on Canada for The Times. A Windsor, Ontario, native now based in Ottawa, he has reported on the country for two decades. He can be reached at austen@nytimes.com.