威斯康星州密尔沃基——美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔周四对《日经亚洲》表示，美国计划在“几周内”公布针对中国、日本及其他地区产能过剩问题的对策，并补充称华盛顿“不会坐视不理、任由这些过剩产能流入美国”。
MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin -- The U.S. plans to unveil within "weeks" countermeasures against overproduction in China, Japan and elsewhere, U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told Nikkei Asia on Thursday, adding that Washington is "not going to sit there and take" inflows of excess production.
在周三和周四于密尔沃基举行的20国集团（G20）贸易部长会议上，格里尔主导了有关如何应对钢铁等行业产能过剩问题的讨论，同时也讨论了与强迫劳动相关的问题。
Greer led discussions on responding to overcapacity in steel and other sectors, along with issues related to forced labor, during a trade ministers meeting of the Group of 20 leading rich and developing nations held in Milwaukee on Wednesday and Thursday.
今年7月，唐纳德·特朗普政府根据《贸易法》第301条，对包括中国在内的60个国家和地区的产品征收了10%或12.5%的额外关税，理由是这些国家未能采取有效措施来遏制强迫劳动现象。
In July, President Donald Trump's administration imposed additional tariffs of 10% or 12.5% on imports from 60 countries and regions including China under Section 301 of the Trade Act, alleging they had failed to take adequate measures against forced labor.
此外，华盛顿还在考虑对包括中国和日本在内的16个国家和地区实施新的关税措施，以解决产能过剩问题。
Separately, Washington has been considering additional tariffs targeting overcapacity concerns in 16 countries and regions including China and Japan.
在采访中，格里尔以中国电动汽车市场的激烈竞争为例，指出这种竞争实际上就是所谓的“内卷”（即过度竞争），这种竞争会压缩企业的利润率。他说：“你可以看到，中国方面自己也承认存在产能过剩的问题；他们将这种现象称为‘内卷’，但其根本原因还是产能过剩。”格里尔表示，在G20这样的国际论坛上，中国通常会采取防御性态度，因为他们明白自己也是导致这一问题的一部分。
In the interview, Greer cited intense competition in China's electric vehicle market as an example of what is called in that country neijuan or involution, referring to excessive competition that squeezes profit margins. You can see "the Chinese on their own independently acknowledging to some degree that excess capacity exists," Greer said. "They call the effects of it involution, but it's rooted in excess capacity." At international forums like the G20 trade ministers meeting, China is "generally defensive about this because they know that they are part of the broader distortion," Greer said.
“如果一个国家不采取行动来遏制产能过剩带来的负面影响——无论这些问题是发生在本国还是由其他国家造成的——美国是不会坐视不管的，美国一定会采取行动。”格里尔表示，美国将在未来几周内公布有关产能过剩及生产情况的调查结果。
"If you're a country that doesn't take action to stop the effects of excess capacity ... whether it's in your country or coming from a third country, I'm not going to sit there and take it," he said. "The United States is going to act." Greer said the U.S. will "make announcements about our excess capacity and production investigation" in coming weeks.
格里尔还谈到了美中贸易委员会。该机构是在今年早些时候举行的一次美中峰会上商定的。
Greer also touched on the U.S.-China Board of Trade, agreed to at a U.S.-China summit earlier this year.
两国都已列出各自价值约300亿美元的关税下调候选商品清单。美国提议下调包括玩具和塑料餐具在内的77类商品的关税。
Both countries already have presented lists of tariff-reduction candidates worth roughly $30 billion each. The U.S. proposed lowering tariffs on 77 product categories including toys and plastic tableware.
他还谈到了日本和越南等中国邻国的政策。自特朗普第二任期开始以来，越南对美出口的竞争优势有所增强。
He also discussed the policies of Chinese neighbors including Japan and Vietnam, which has gained ground in exports to the U.S. since the start of Trump's second term.
格里尔说，越南“没有消费能力”。那里的工人买不起自己生产的东西，“所以只能把产品卖给我们”。他说，越南需要通过保护工人权益、提高工资等措施来扩大国内需求。格里尔还表示，日本也存在自身的产能过剩问题。
Vietnam has "no consumption," Greer said. Workers there "can't buy the things they're making, so they have to send them to us." "They need to increase their domestic demand" through measures including protection of worker rights and higher wages, he said. Greer also suggested that Japan has its own overcapacity problem.
他说：“日本和其他国家都有一些早该破产的僵尸企业，但他们就是……让这些企业继续苟延残喘。这些因素大量存在，正在导致产能过剩，也给密尔沃基这里的人造成了伤害。”
"They have zombie firms that should have been bankrupt long ago, but they just ... keep them surviving, whether it's Japan or other countries," he said. "There are a lot of these factors that are going on, and they're leading to excess capacity, and it's hurting people here in Milwaukee."