马德里——彭博社汇总多家机构的死亡人数估算数据显示，今年夏季，西欧五个国家因高温导致超过34,600人死亡，该地区创下有记录以来最热的6月、7月和8月。
MADRID – More than 34,600 people died in five Western European countries due to heat this summer as the region posted its hottest June, July and August on record, according to a Bloomberg compilation of mortality estimates from different agencies.
根据10月1日公布的卡洛斯三世健康研究所（Instituto de Salud Carlos III）数据，西班牙经历了自2015年有记录以来最致命的夏季，5月15日至9月30日期间，归因于高温的超额死亡人数达5,805人。
Spain saw its deadliest summer since records began in 2015, with 5,805 excess deaths attributable to heat between May 15 and Sept 30, according to data from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III that was made public on Oct 1.
法国国家公共卫生局的初步数据显示，三次热浪导致估计有7,824人死亡，为至少自2015年以来的最高死亡人数。德国、英国和比利时也记录了较高的与高温相关的死亡率。
In France, three heat waves led to an estimated 7,824 deaths, the highest toll since at least 2015, according to provisional figures from the national public health agency. Germany, Britain and Belgium also recorded elevated heat-related mortality.
卡洛斯三世健康研究所死亡率监测系统负责人迪亚娜·戈麦斯表示：“西班牙夏季记录了61个热浪日，经历了四次热浪，9月还有一次，5月则出现了极端高温事件。所有这些都导致了归因于高温的死亡人数增加。”高温会加剧现有疾病，对包括幼儿、老年人以及长时间暴露于高温环境下的工人等弱势群体尤为危险。
“Spain has recorded 61 heat wave days over the summer, with four heat waves, a fifth in September and extreme heat episodes in May,” said Diana Gomez, head of the mortality monitoring system at ISCIII. “All of that has resulted in an increase of deaths attributable to heat.”Heat can exacerbate existing illnesses and is particularly dangerous for vulnerable people including young children, the elderly and workers exposed to high temperatures over long periods of time.
地球观测计划哥白尼（Copernicus）的最新月度报告显示，整个夏季西欧面临异常高温，该地区平均气温比1991年至2020年的平均水平高出2.5摄氏度。
Western Europe faced extraordinary heat throughout the summer, with average temperatures for the region 2.5 deg C above the average between 1991 and 2020, according to the latest monthly report by Earth observation program Copernicus.
欧洲数据显示，夏季气温在英格兰、威尔士和比利时的几乎全境，以及法国、西班牙、意大利、瑞士和奥地利的大部分地区，均为至少自1979年以来的最高水平。
European data indicate temperatures over the summer were the highest since at least 1979 across virtually all of England, Wales and Belgium, as well as most of France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland and Austria.
此前的纪录是在2003年创下的，当时包括英国、法国和德国在内的国家记录了数万例高温死亡病例，医疗服务系统难以应对中暑病例，迫使当局改进应急响应和高温天气服务。
The previous record was set in 2003, when countries including Britain, France and Germany recorded tens of thousands of heat deaths, and healthcare services struggled to cope with cases of heat stroke, forcing authorities to improve emergency responses and hot-weather services.
根据哥白尼机构（Copernicus）于10月2日发布的报告，2026年有17天的时间里，西欧至少60%的地区气温超过了30摄氏度；而2003年夏季同期只有11天的气温达到了这一水平。
On 17 days in 2026, at least 60 per cent of Western Europe experienced temperatures above 30 deg C, according to a Copernicus report released on Oct 2. That compares with 11 days under the same conditions during the summer of 2003.
该报告还指出，当年欧洲大陆有52%的地区气温达到了38摄氏度或更高，根据哥白尼机构的评估标准，这种高温属于“非常强烈”的热应激状态。
A record 52 per cent of the European continent experienced temperatures of 38 deg C or higher during the summer, which qualifies as “very strong” heat stress under the Copernicus ratings system.
西班牙公共卫生研究机构（ISCIII）发现，2026年夏季因高温导致的死亡人数比2022年的纪录多出了1000多人。
In Spain, the 2026 summer’s heat deaths exceeded the previous record of 2022 by more than 1,000, the ISCIII found.
根据该机构的统计，最严重的天气发生在7月10日；他们通过将当天的死亡总数与往年平均死亡率进行比较，并结合该国50个省份各自的温度阈值来计算因高温造成的超额死亡人数。
The worst day was July 10, according to the public health research institute, which calculates excess mortality by comparing the daily total of deaths to average mortality rate in previous years and factoring in temperature thresholds for each of the country’s 50 provinces.
戈麦斯（Gomez）表示：“所有省份的温度阈值都已被连续多天突破。我们是唯一一个能够每日发布相关数据的机构，由于我们在这一领域拥有丰富的经验，过去几天里有多个欧洲国家与我们取得了联系。”
“Thresholds have been surpassed in every province for many days,” Gomez said. “Ours is the only system that issues daily estimates and, since we have a lot of experience in this field, several European countries have been in touch with us over the past few days.”
在德国，根据负责疾病控制的联邦机构罗伯特·科赫研究所（Robert Koch Institute）的数据，4月6日至9月13日期间因高温导致的死亡人数达到了至少十年来的最高水平；6月底的热浪导致约1.6万人死亡，这是西欧有记录以来最严重的一次热浪。该国此前的高温死亡纪录为2018年的9000人。
In Germany, deaths reached the highest level in at least a decade, with about 16,000 heat-related deaths between April 6 and Sept 13, according to the Robert Koch Institute, the federal government agency responsible for disease control. About 9,600 people died as a result of the heat wave at the end of June, which was the worst on record for Western Europe. The country’s previous record was about 9,000 heat deaths in 2018.
法国公共卫生部门（Sante Publique France）的初步数据显示，由于6月、7月和8月发生的三次大规模热浪，今年夏季法国的因高温死亡人数达到了至少2015年以来的最高水平；该机构预计将在2027年初发布最终的死亡统计报告。相比之下，2025年的预估死亡人数为5700人。
Preliminary data from Sante Publique France indicate heat deaths in France this summer hit the highest number since at least 2015 due to three major heat waves in June, July and August. The government agency is expected to publish a definitive mortality report in early 2027. That compares with 5,700 estimated deaths in 2025.
巴黎第五大学（University Paris 5）的研究人员曾在2003年发现，当年极端高温导致8月份单月就有14800人因高温死亡。
In 2003, researchers at the University Paris 5 found that devastating temperatures that year led to 14,800 excess deaths in August alone.
据英国卫生安全局统计，英国在5月和6月期间因热浪导致的死亡人数估计为2877人，该机构计划于2027年发布涵盖整个季节的最终死亡率报告。据比利时公共卫生研究所Sciensano统计，6月18日至7月12日期间，比利时有2112人死亡。彭博社
In Britain, heat waves caused an estimated 2,877 deaths in May and June, according to the British Health Security Agency, which is due to release a final mortality report covering the whole season in 2027. In Belgium, 2,112 people died between June 18 and July 12, according to Sciensano, the country’s public health institute. BLOOMBERG