根据欧盟的哥白尼气候监测服务的数据，在2026年这个异常炎热的夏季，欧洲有52%的地区遭受了严重的热应激影响。
A record 52 percent of Europe was exposed to intense heat stress during the exceptionally hot summer of 2026, according to the European Union’s Copernicus climate monitoring service.
由于气候变化的影响，作为全球变暖速度最快的洲，欧洲接连经历了多波热浪，这些热浪的开始时间比往年要早得多，不仅打破了温度记录，还导致了数万例额外的死亡病例。
Fuelled by climate change, Europe – the fastest-warming continent in the world – endured a succession of heatwaves that began unusually early in the year, breaking temperature records and contributing to tens of thousands of excess deaths.
“2026年的特点是：高温不仅强度惊人，其影响范围也极为广泛，”负责哥白尼气候监测项目的欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的气候专家萨曼莎·伯吉斯表示。
“One of the things that stands out for 2026 is that the heat was not only remarkable for its intensity, but also for its geographical extent,” said Samantha Burgess, climate lead at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which operates Copernicus.
2026年是欧洲有记录以来第三热的夏季，也是西欧有记录以来最热的夏季，多个国家都创下了历史最高温度纪录。
This year was Europe’s third-warmest summer on record and the hottest ever recorded in western Europe, with several countriesing all-time temperature highs.
伯吉斯在媒体发布会上指出，欧洲10次最强烈的热浪中有4次发生在2026年夏季；不过2003年8月的热浪仍然是有记录以来最严重的热浪。
Four of Europe’s 10 most intense heatwaves occurred during the summer of 2026 alone, Burgess told a media briefing, although the August 2003 heatwave remains the most severe ever recorded.
哥白尼气候监测服务发现，52%的欧洲地区经历了“非常强烈”的热应激——即实际感受到的温度超过了38摄氏度；大约80%的欧洲地区经历了“强烈”的热应激（实际感受到的温度超过了32摄氏度）。这种极端高温天气在整个夏季期间持续了41天。
Copernicus found that 52 percent of Europe was exposed to “very strong” heat stress – conditions in which the temperature feels hotter than 38C. Around 80 percent of the continent experienced “strong” heat stress, with feels-like temperatures exceeding 32C.
热应激是指人体无法有效降温的情况，其症状可能从头痛、头晕到器官衰竭，甚至在极端情况下会导致死亡。
Such conditions occurred on a record 41 days by the end of the summer season.
伯吉斯强调：“2026年的夏季表明，热应激现象正在变得越来越普遍且持续时间更长。”她还表示，极端高温已成为全球范围内与天气相关的死亡事件的主要原因。
Heat stress occurs when the human body can no longer cool itself effectively. Symptoms can range from headaches and dizziness to organ failure and, in the most severe cases, death.
欧盟的监测数据显示，8月是全球有记录以来最热的月份。而这仅仅是欧洲那个异常极端夏季的一部分罢了。
“Summer 2026 demonstrated how heat stress is becoming both more widespread and more persistent,” Burgess said, adding that extreme heat is now the leading cause of weather-related mortality worldwide. August hottest month ever recorded globally, says EU monitor The heat was only one part of an unusually extreme European summer.
根据欧洲哥白尼气象局的监测数据，由于持续干旱，河流流量降到了自1992年有记录以来的最低水平，这严重影响了货物运输，同时也给灌溉系统、水力发电以及核反应堆的冷却工作带来了额外压力。
Dry conditions pushed river flows to their lowest levels since records began in 1992, according to Copernicus, affecting freight transport and placing additional pressure on irrigation systems, hydropower production and the cooling of nuclear reactors.
在过去45年里，干旱现象在欧洲变得越来越普遍。伯吉斯表示，到8月底时，几乎一半的欧洲地区都受到了干旱的影响。
Drought has also become increasingly common across Europe over the past 45 years. By the end of August, drought conditions were affecting almost half of the continent, Burgess said.
持续的高温、干旱以及极低的河流水位共同表明，如今多种极端气候现象可以同时发生。
The combination of persistent heat, drought and exceptionally low river levels highlighted how several climate extremes can now unfold at the same time.
“这是今年夏季的一个显著特征：并不是单一的气温记录被打破，而是整个气候系统中的多个记录同时被刷新，”伯吉斯说道。联合国呼吁各国迅速采取行动，以防止全球气温超过1.5摄氏度的临界值。西欧经历了有记录以来最热的夏季，这凸显了人口密集地区日益面临长期高温带来的严峻挑战。
“That’s one of the defining characteristics of summer this year, that it was not a single record,” Burgess said. “It was the way that multiple records appeared together across the climate system.”World set to breach 1.5C climate limit as UN urges rapid reversal Western Europe experienced its hottest summer on record, underlining the growing exposure of densely populated regions to sustained periods of dangerous heat.
今年热浪的提前到来进一步加剧了这种压力，使得人们、生态系统和基础设施不得不在更长的时间内承受高温的影响。
The early start to this year’s heatwaves also added to the strain, extending the period during which people, ecosystems and infrastructure were exposed to high temperatures.
科学家们一再警告称，人为引起的气候变化正在增加欧洲极端高温事件的频率和强度；同时，气候变暖也使得许多地区的干旱情况变得更加严重。
Scientists have repeatedly warned that human-driven climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme heat across Europe, while warmer conditions are also making droughts more severe in many regions.
最新的哥白尼气象局数据显示，当前面临的挑战已不仅仅是达到新的温度峰值，而是如何应对那些影响更大范围地区且持续时间更长的高温现象。
The latest Copernicus figures suggest the challenge is increasingly not simply one of reaching new temperature highs, but of coping with heat that affects larger areas and persists for longer.